{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2131417214","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc.2005.1494502","title":"Multi-layers balanced LKH","display_name":"Multi-layers balanced LKH","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2131417214","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc.2005.1494502","mag":"2131417214"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc.2005.1494502","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc.2005.1494502","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE International Conference on Communications, 2005. ICC 2005. 2005","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108225903","display_name":"W.H.D. Ng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W.H.D. Ng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Commun. Syst. Res., Surrey Univ., Guildford, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Commun. Syst. Res., Surrey Univ., Guildford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058697093","display_name":"Zhili Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1909-4946"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhili Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Commun. Syst. Res., Surrey Univ., Guildford, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Commun. Syst. Res., Surrey Univ., Guildford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1015","last_page":"1019 Vol. 2"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11498","display_name":"Security in Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11498","display_name":"Security in Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11504","display_name":"Advanced Authentication Protocols Security","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rekeying","display_name":"Rekeying","score":0.894745945930481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8390803337097168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multicast","display_name":"Multicast","score":0.8311665058135986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secure-multicast","display_name":"Secure multicast","score":0.8096203804016113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.6757930517196655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.599646806716919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5953059792518616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.5080857276916504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/xcast","display_name":"Xcast","score":0.4895347058773041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-specific-multicast","display_name":"Source-specific multicast","score":0.47857072949409485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.44719576835632324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key-management","display_name":"Key management","score":0.3198292553424835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pragmatic-general-multicast","display_name":"Pragmatic General Multicast","score":0.2651950716972351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.21108993887901306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.11482056975364685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.08996248245239258}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127150765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310605","display_name":"Rekeying","level":4,"score":0.894745945930481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8390803337097168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32295351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899288","display_name":"Multicast","level":2,"score":0.8311665058135986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776147584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2711392","display_name":"Secure multicast","level":5,"score":0.8096203804016113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.6757930517196655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.599646806716919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5953059792518616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.5080857276916504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192059732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3823050","display_name":"Xcast","level":3,"score":0.4895347058773041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18787934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7565105","display_name":"Source-specific multicast","level":3,"score":0.47857072949409485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.44719576835632324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17886624","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1320561","display_name":"Key management","level":3,"score":0.3198292553424835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112037812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2107523","display_name":"Pragmatic General Multicast","level":4,"score":0.2651950716972351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.21108993887901306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.11482056975364685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.08996248245239258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc.2005.1494502","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc.2005.1494502","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE International Conference on Communications, 2005. ICC 2005. 2005","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:alma.44SUR_INST:11139718430002346","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197018","display_name":"View","issn_l":"2688-268X","issn":["2688-268X","2688-3988"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""},{"id":"pmh:oai:epubs.surrey.ac.uk:1816","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/1816/1/fulltext.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400680","display_name":"Surrey Research Insight Open Access (The University of Surrey)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","host_organization_name":"University of Surrey","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W142040320","https://openalex.org/W2064967060","https://openalex.org/W2071470557","https://openalex.org/W2082098028","https://openalex.org/W2104778664","https://openalex.org/W2117771067","https://openalex.org/W2123274186","https://openalex.org/W2134330814","https://openalex.org/W2150035261","https://openalex.org/W2159945176","https://openalex.org/W2159945615","https://openalex.org/W4255501477","https://openalex.org/W6666953248","https://openalex.org/W6679964494","https://openalex.org/W6683491729"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1908939758","https://openalex.org/W2188441851","https://openalex.org/W35292217","https://openalex.org/W2392241939","https://openalex.org/W2093947106","https://openalex.org/W1991715159","https://openalex.org/W2392504234","https://openalex.org/W2294258648","https://openalex.org/W2154611290","https://openalex.org/W2361918320"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Secure":[0],"multicast":[1,56,80],"communication":[2],"is":[3],"important":[4],"for":[5,27,99],"applications":[6,47],"such":[7,48],"as":[8,49,82],"pay-per-view":[9],"distribution.":[10],"LKH":[11,36],"has":[12],"been":[13],"proposed":[14,115],"to":[15,107,116],"distribute":[16],"a":[17,22,83],"shared":[18],"secret":[19],"key":[20,42,75],"in":[21,61],"way":[23,63],"that":[24],"scales":[25],"efficiently":[26],"groups":[28],"with":[29],"many":[30],"members.":[31],"However,":[32],"the":[33,41,71,74,119],"efficiency":[34,120],"of":[35,73,121],"depends":[37],"critically":[38],"on":[39],"whether":[40],"tree":[43,76],"remains":[44],"balanced.":[45],"For":[46],"video":[50],"streaming":[51],"or":[52,64],"online":[53],"teaching,":[54],"several":[55],"sessions":[57,81],"might":[58],"be":[59],"related":[60,79,109],"one":[62],"another.":[65],"In":[66],"this":[67],"paper,":[68],"we":[69],"consider":[70],"balance":[72],"and":[77,93],"treat":[78],"whole.":[84],"Our":[85],"approach":[86],"shows":[87],"significant":[88],"improvement":[89],"over":[90],"traditional":[91],"method":[92],"trades":[94],"off":[95],"additional":[96],"rekeying":[97],"costs":[98],"similar":[100],"computation":[101],"power":[102],"at":[103],"members'":[104],"side":[105],"compared":[106],"existing":[108],"approach.":[110],"Two":[111],"optimisations":[112],"are":[113],"also":[114],"further":[117],"enhance":[118],"our":[122],"algorithm.":[123]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}