{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2102415434","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc.2004.1313000","title":"A fast sphere decoding framework for space-frequency block codes","display_name":"A fast sphere decoding framework for space-frequency block codes","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2102415434","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc.2004.1313000","mag":"2102415434"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc.2004.1313000","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc.2004.1313000","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2004 IEEE International Conference on Communications (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37577)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053502008","display_name":"Zoltan Safar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83467386","display_name":"IT University of Copenhagen","ror":"https://ror.org/02309jg23","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83467386"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Z. Safar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Innovation, IT-University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Innovation, IT-University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83467386"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068643057","display_name":"Weifeng Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2287-8995"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weifeng Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038077586","display_name":"K.J. Ray Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K.J. Ray Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.482,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89040095,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2591","last_page":"2595 Vol.5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10575","display_name":"Wireless Communication Networks Research","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11873","display_name":"PAPR reduction in OFDM","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.8680738210678101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7142285704612732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block-code","display_name":"Block code","score":0.6952198147773743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.6300171613693237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.6090698838233948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qam","display_name":"QAM","score":0.6008696556091309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadrature-amplitude-modulation","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","score":0.5621060729026794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","score":0.5368616580963135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/list-decoding","display_name":"List decoding","score":0.5158132910728455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.5142359137535095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-domain","display_name":"Frequency domain","score":0.5068643689155579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.5010976791381836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.48391205072402954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequential-decoding","display_name":"Sequential decoding","score":0.43488383293151855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concatenated-error-correction-code","display_name":"Concatenated error correction code","score":0.39324232935905457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3658845126628876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.2198237180709839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.21357059478759766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.19998320937156677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.0808977484703064}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.8680738210678101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7142285704612732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157125643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q884707","display_name":"Block code","level":3,"score":0.6952198147773743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6300171613693237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6090698838233948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59030546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7265371","display_name":"QAM","level":5,"score":0.6008696556091309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32409245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749753","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.5621060729026794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.5368616580963135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204397858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4437907","display_name":"List decoding","level":5,"score":0.5158132910728455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5142359137535095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19118579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786423","display_name":"Frequency domain","level":2,"score":0.5068643689155579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.5010976791381836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.48391205072402954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193969084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7452500","display_name":"Sequential decoding","level":4,"score":0.43488383293151855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78944582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5158264","display_name":"Concatenated error correction code","level":4,"score":0.39324232935905457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3658845126628876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.2198237180709839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.21357059478759766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19998320937156677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0808977484703064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc.2004.1313000","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc.2004.1313000","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2004 IEEE International Conference on Communications (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37577)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.331.7033","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.331.7033","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://sig.umd.edu/publications/safar_sphere_decoding_SFBC_icc_200406.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1830563054","https://openalex.org/W2011396057","https://openalex.org/W2103005479","https://openalex.org/W2107080958","https://openalex.org/W2110659753","https://openalex.org/W2112772743","https://openalex.org/W2116631972","https://openalex.org/W2138293524","https://openalex.org/W2140110715","https://openalex.org/W2140940105","https://openalex.org/W2798909945"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4390873927","https://openalex.org/W2159438609","https://openalex.org/W2061476814","https://openalex.org/W99853930","https://openalex.org/W1504657239","https://openalex.org/W2154603729","https://openalex.org/W2127999627","https://openalex.org/W2010879611","https://openalex.org/W2534707225","https://openalex.org/W2115785601"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,24],"order":[1],"to":[2,73,86],"make":[3],"the":[4,42,56,62,66,78,87],"multi-antenna":[5],"OFDM":[6],"systems":[7],"an":[8],"attractive":[9],"choice":[10],"for":[11,34],"practical":[12],"applications,":[13],"implementation":[14],"issues":[15],"such":[16],"as":[17],"decoding":[18,32,49,63],"complexity":[19],"must":[20],"be":[21],"addressed":[22],"successfully.":[23],"this":[25],"paper,":[26],"we":[27,70],"propose":[28],"a":[29,45],"computationally":[30],"efficient":[31],"algorithm":[33,43,58],"space-frequency":[35],"block":[36,84],"codes.":[37],"The":[38,51],"central":[39],"part":[40],"of":[41],"is":[44],"complex-domain,":[46],"modulation-independent":[47],"sphere":[48],"framework.":[50],"simulation":[52],"results":[53],"demonstrate":[54],"that":[55],"proposed":[57,89],"can":[59],"significantly":[60],"reduce":[61],"complexity.":[64],"For":[65],"64":[67],"QAM":[68],"modulation,":[69],"observe":[71],"up":[72],"about":[74],"73%":[75],"reduction":[76],"in":[77],"required":[79],"FLOP":[80],"count":[81],"per":[82],"code":[83],"compared":[85],"previously":[88],"methods":[90],"without":[91],"noticeable":[92],"performance":[93],"degradation.":[94]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}