{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2098890105","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc.2004.1312793","title":"Optimal placement of wavelength converters in WDM networks using particle swarm optimizer","display_name":"Optimal placement of wavelength converters in WDM networks using particle swarm optimizer","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2098890105","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc.2004.1312793","mag":"2098890105"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc.2004.1312793","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc.2004.1312793","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2004 IEEE International Conference on Communications (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37577)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030251114","display_name":"C. F. Teo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173029219","display_name":"Multimedia University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrbnc33","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Choon Fang Teo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Multimedia University, Malacca, Malaysia","Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Multimedia University, Melaka, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Multimedia University, Malacca, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Multimedia University, Melaka, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109171439","display_name":"Y. C. Foo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173029219","display_name":"Multimedia University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrbnc33","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yun Cie Foo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Multimedia University, Malacca, Malaysia","Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Multimedia University, Melaka, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Multimedia University, Malacca, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Multimedia University, Melaka, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007738886","display_name":"Su Fong Chien","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7637-9158"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173029219","display_name":"Multimedia University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrbnc33","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Su Fong Chien","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Multimedia University, Malacca, Malaysia","Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Multimedia University, Melaka, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Multimedia University, Malacca, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Multimedia University, Melaka, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010499080","display_name":"Andy L. Y. Low","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173029219","display_name":"Multimedia University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrbnc33","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A.L.Y. Low","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Multimedia University, Malacca, Malaysia","Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Multimedia University, Melaka, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Multimedia University, Malacca, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Multimedia University, Melaka, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101838462","display_name":"B. Venkatesh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6900-1437"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173029219","display_name":"Multimedia University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrbnc33","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. Venkatesh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Multimedia University, Melaka, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Multimedia University, Melaka, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113153616","display_name":"A. H. You","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173029219","display_name":"Multimedia University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrbnc33","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A.H. You","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Multimedia University, Malacca, Malaysia","Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Multimedia University, Melaka, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Multimedia University, Malacca, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Multimedia University, Melaka, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3562,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8166196,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1669","last_page":"1673"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10847","display_name":"Advanced Optical Network Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/converters","display_name":"Converters","score":0.8655565977096558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelength-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Wavelength-division multiplexing","score":0.7686734795570374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.7495269775390625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6474606394767761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelength","display_name":"Wavelength","score":0.5966534614562988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5672981142997742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blocking","display_name":"Blocking (statistics)","score":0.5353612899780273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4081226587295532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3457812964916229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.3443080186843872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3386664092540741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.22820788621902466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.18200984597206116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.17895403504371643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.16177916526794434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14834415912628174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.14649686217308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.09117156267166138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.08482450246810913}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778422915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10302051","display_name":"Converters","level":3,"score":0.8655565977096558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160724564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620670","display_name":"Wavelength-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.7686734795570374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.7495269775390625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6474606394767761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6260449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41364","display_name":"Wavelength","level":2,"score":0.5966534614562988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5672981142997742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144745244","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927286","display_name":"Blocking (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5353612899780273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4081226587295532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3457812964916229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.3443080186843872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3386664092540741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.22820788621902466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.18200984597206116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.17895403504371643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.16177916526794434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14834415912628174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.14649686217308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.09117156267166138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.08482450246810913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc.2004.1312793","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc.2004.1312793","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2004 IEEE International Conference on Communications (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37577)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.46000000834465027,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W150998104","https://openalex.org/W1976107365","https://openalex.org/W2051436395","https://openalex.org/W2115635094","https://openalex.org/W2125213524","https://openalex.org/W2126423735","https://openalex.org/W2152195021","https://openalex.org/W2169245194","https://openalex.org/W6606075629"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W631083485","https://openalex.org/W2392835431","https://openalex.org/W4313452936","https://openalex.org/W2097026685","https://openalex.org/W2480068220","https://openalex.org/W2070883797","https://openalex.org/W2102542442","https://openalex.org/W1986220761","https://openalex.org/W2042495646","https://openalex.org/W4386859288"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,15,57],"introduction":[1],"of":[2,13,18,53],"wavelength":[3,70,79],"converters":[4],"in":[5,33,72],"all-optical":[6],"networks":[7],"can":[8],"reduce":[9],"the":[10,35,39,49,54],"blocking":[11],"probabilities":[12],"calls.":[14],"main":[16],"contribution":[17],"this":[19],"paper":[20],"is":[21,63],"that":[22,61],"we":[23],"introduce":[24,68],"a":[25,73],"novel":[26],"search":[27],"algorithm":[28],"namely":[29],"particle":[30],"swarm":[31],"optimizer":[32],"finding":[34],"optimum":[36],"solution":[37],"to":[38,47,67],"converter":[40],"placement":[41],"problem.":[42],"Experiments":[43],"have":[44],"been":[45],"conducted":[46],"demonstrate":[48],"effectiveness":[50],"and":[51],"efficiency":[52],"proposed":[55],"algorithm.":[56],"computed":[58],"results":[59],"show":[60],"it":[62],"more":[64,78],"cost":[65],"effective":[66],"additional":[69],"channel":[71],"single":[74],"fiber":[75],"than":[76],"placing":[77],"converters.":[80]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
