{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2162462046","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc.2003.1204419","title":"Robust signal constellations for spatial multiplexing in the presence of real fading propagation channels","display_name":"Robust signal constellations for spatial multiplexing in the presence of real fading propagation channels","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-03-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2162462046","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc.2003.1204419","mag":"2162462046"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc.2003.1204419","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc.2003.1204419","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE International Conference on Communications, 2003. ICC '03.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070530952","display_name":"Bruno Clerckx","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5949-6459"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95674353","display_name":"UCLouvain","ror":"https://ror.org/02495e989","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. Clerckx","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microwave Laboratory, Universit\u00e9 Catholique, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microwave Laboratory, Universit\u00e9 Catholique, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041575126","display_name":"Danielle Vanhoenacker\u2010Janvier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7743-7425"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95674353","display_name":"UCLouvain","ror":"https://ror.org/02495e989","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Vanhoenacker-Janvier","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microwave Laboratory, Universit\u00e9 Catholique, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microwave Laboratory, Universit\u00e9 Catholique, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034818559","display_name":"Claude Oestges","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0902-4565"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95674353","display_name":"UCLouvain","ror":"https://ror.org/02495e989","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Oestges","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microwave Laboratory, Universit\u00e9 Catholique, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microwave Laboratory, Universit\u00e9 Catholique, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000909128","display_name":"Luc Vandendorpe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4958-8848"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95674353","display_name":"UCLouvain","ror":"https://ror.org/02495e989","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. Vandendorpe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communication Laboratory, Universit\u00e9 Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communication Laboratory, Universit\u00e9 Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":null,"first_page":"2608","last_page":"2612"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10575","display_name":"Wireless Communication Networks Research","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.8698722720146179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-multiplexing","display_name":"Spatial multiplexing","score":0.8543491363525391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplexing","display_name":"Multiplexing","score":0.6824596524238586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5963094234466553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.5729570388793945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","score":0.5224734544754028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4891391098499298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-efficiency","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","score":0.43737122416496277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-correlation","display_name":"Spatial correlation","score":0.4359859526157379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constellation-diagram","display_name":"Constellation diagram","score":0.42978131771087646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constellation","display_name":"Constellation","score":0.41351786255836487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.34218889474868774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3395739197731018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.269439160823822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.20826289057731628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15999439358711243}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.8698722720146179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85884896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574075","display_name":"Spatial multiplexing","level":4,"score":0.8543491363525391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19275194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222903","display_name":"Multiplexing","level":2,"score":0.6824596524238586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5963094234466553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.5729570388793945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.5224734544754028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4891391098499298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.43737122416496277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150060386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574054","display_name":"Spatial correlation","level":2,"score":0.4359859526157379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185837786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1782940","display_name":"Constellation diagram","level":4,"score":0.42978131771087646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70352696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8928","display_name":"Constellation","level":2,"score":0.41351786255836487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.34218889474868774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3395739197731018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.269439160823822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.20826289057731628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15999439358711243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icc.2003.1204419","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icc.2003.1204419","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE International Conference on Communications, 2003. ICC '03.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dial.uclouvain.be:boreal:68036","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/68036","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401902","display_name":"Digital Access to Libraries (Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain (UCL), l'Universit\u00e9 de Namur (UNamur) and the Universit\u00e9 Saint-Louis (USL-B))","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I95674353","host_organization_name":"UCLouvain","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1562571055","https://openalex.org/W1667950888","https://openalex.org/W2071238091","https://openalex.org/W2108525369","https://openalex.org/W2127682207","https://openalex.org/W2127850064","https://openalex.org/W2138518960","https://openalex.org/W2160284380"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2082947723","https://openalex.org/W2126819767","https://openalex.org/W2162782586","https://openalex.org/W2128245052","https://openalex.org/W2342998846","https://openalex.org/W2060469467","https://openalex.org/W2402142910","https://openalex.org/W2023320695","https://openalex.org/W2021129045","https://openalex.org/W2541426150"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Spatial":[0],"multiplexing":[1,16,50,89],"is":[2,17,59],"employed":[3],"in":[4,48],"MIMO":[5],"communication":[6],"systems":[7],"to":[8],"increase":[9],"spectral":[10],"efficiency.":[11],"The":[12],"performance":[13,95],"of":[14,28,32],"spatial":[15,49,88],"highly":[18],"dependent":[19],"on":[20],"the":[21,26,30,36,78,97,101],"propagation":[22,54,98],"conditions":[23],"such":[24],"as":[25],"richness":[27],"scattering,":[29],"presence":[31],"dominant":[33],"components":[34],"and":[35,73,81,100],"inter-element":[37,102],"spacings.":[38],"In":[39],"this":[40],"paper,":[41],"new":[42,63,86],"robust":[43,69],"signal":[44],"constellations":[45,64],"for":[46],"use":[47],"over":[51],"real":[52],"fading":[53,71],"channels":[55],"are":[56,65],"developed.":[57],"It":[58],"shown":[60],"that":[61],"these":[62,85],"by":[66],"far":[67],"more":[68],"against":[70],"correlations":[72],"high":[74],"Rice":[75],"factor":[76],"than":[77],"classical":[79],"PSK":[80],"QAM":[82],"constellations.":[83],"With":[84],"constellations,":[87],"presents":[90],"excellent":[91],"symbol":[92],"error":[93],"rate":[94],"whatever":[96],"environment":[99],"distance.":[103]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}