{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7077163790","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icbc64466.2025.11114569","title":"Blockchain Energy Consumption: Unveiling the Impact of Network Topologies","display_name":"Blockchain Energy Consumption: Unveiling the Impact of Network Topologies","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7077163790","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icbc64466.2025.11114569"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icbc64466.2025.11114569","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icbc64466.2025.11114569","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain and Cryptocurrency (ICBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Vincenzo P. Di Perna","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190397597","display_name":"University of Urbino","ror":"https://ror.org/04q4kt073","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190397597"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Vincenzo P. Di Perna","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Urbino,Urbino,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Urbino,Urbino,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190397597"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Valerio Schiavoni","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57825437","display_name":"University of Neuch\u00e2tel","ror":"https://ror.org/00vasag41","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57825437"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Valerio Schiavoni","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Neuch&#x00E2;tel,Neuch&#x00E2;tel,Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Neuch&#x00E2;tel,Neuch&#x00E2;tel,Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57825437"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Francesco Fabris","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142444530","display_name":"University of Trieste","ror":"https://ror.org/02n742c10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142444530"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Fabris","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Trieste,Trieste,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Trieste,Trieste,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142444530"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Marco Bernardo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190397597","display_name":"University of Urbino","ror":"https://ror.org/04q4kt073","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190397597"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Bernardo","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Urbino,Urbino,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Urbino,Urbino,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190397597"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190397597"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.28672954,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12157","display_name":"Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping","score":0.6513000130653381,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12157","display_name":"Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping","score":0.6513000130653381,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13067","display_name":"Geological Modeling and Analysis","score":0.025599999353289604,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1906","display_name":"Geochemistry and Petrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14311","display_name":"Electrical and Electromagnetic Research","score":0.020600000396370888,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology","display_name":"Network topology","score":0.838699996471405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.5866000056266785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.5860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clique","display_name":"Clique","score":0.5084999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.4724000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.453900009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database-transaction","display_name":"Database transaction","score":0.4429999887943268}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.838699996471405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5943999886512756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.5866000056266785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.5860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777035058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662634","display_name":"Clique","level":2,"score":0.5084999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4781999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4724000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.453900009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75949130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848010","display_name":"Database transaction","level":2,"score":0.4429999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30772137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164762","display_name":"Consumption (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.41119998693466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4108999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780267512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6997828","display_name":"Nestedness","level":3,"score":0.4059999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.3601999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.28360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66204764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416","display_name":"Sustainability","level":2,"score":0.2791000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520301825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380170","display_name":"Energy conservation","level":2,"score":0.2759000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982719155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25584060","display_name":"Energy source","level":3,"score":0.25870001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.2565000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.251800000667572}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icbc64466.2025.11114569","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icbc64466.2025.11114569","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain and Cryptocurrency (ICBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arts.units.it:11368/3115238","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11368/3115238","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400480","display_name":"ArTS Archivio della ricerca di Trieste (University of Trieste https://www.units.it/)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I142444530","host_organization_name":"University of Trieste","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142444530"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ora.uniurb.it:11576/2764653","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11576/2764653","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196377","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutional Research information system (University of Urbino)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I190397597","host_organization_name":"University of Urbino","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190397597"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.7467964291572571,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2063440615","https://openalex.org/W2536325433","https://openalex.org/W2753585338","https://openalex.org/W2763398287","https://openalex.org/W2776552421","https://openalex.org/W2793320545","https://openalex.org/W2901515670","https://openalex.org/W2911425533","https://openalex.org/W2948557387","https://openalex.org/W2954103930","https://openalex.org/W2964159515","https://openalex.org/W2998727879","https://openalex.org/W2999645065","https://openalex.org/W3021996094","https://openalex.org/W3081452251","https://openalex.org/W3127072986","https://openalex.org/W3195032912","https://openalex.org/W3196716718","https://openalex.org/W4281572454","https://openalex.org/W4285185969","https://openalex.org/W4372260561","https://openalex.org/W4385489184","https://openalex.org/W4387415290","https://openalex.org/W4391090552","https://openalex.org/W4391635791","https://openalex.org/W4392915642"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Blockchain":[0],"is":[1,29],"one":[2],"of":[3,19,43,46,62,131],"the":[4,44,59,97,115,125,132,150],"most":[5,98],"promising":[6],"emerging":[7],"technologies,":[8],"but":[9],"its":[10],"large-scale":[11],"deployment":[12],"raises":[13],"sustainability":[14],"issues,":[15],"specifically":[16],"in":[17,102],"terms":[18],"energy":[20,27,60,117,127,144],"consumption.":[21],"In":[22],"addition":[23],"to":[24,142],"consensus":[25],"algorithms,":[26],"efficiency":[28],"influenced":[30],"by":[31],"several":[32],"other":[33],"parameters,":[34],"including":[35],"network":[36,49,100,151],"topology.":[37],"We":[38],"present":[39],"a":[40],"systematic":[41],"analysis":[42],"impact":[45],"five":[47,63],"distinct":[48],"topologies":[50],"(fat-tree,":[51],"full":[52,94],"mesh,":[53],"hypercube,":[54],"scale-free,":[55],"and":[56,72,79,83,93,112,136,139],"torus)":[57],"on":[58],"consumption":[61,118,128],"blockchain":[64],"platforms":[65],"(Algorand,":[66],"Diem,":[67],"Ethereum":[68,122],"Clique,":[69],"Quorum":[70,137],"IBFT,":[71],"Solana)":[73],"under":[74,104,146],"three":[75],"different":[76],"workloads":[77,148],"(PayPal":[78],"VISA":[80],"transaction":[81],"processing":[82],"GAFAM":[84],"smart":[85],"contract":[86],"execution).":[87],"Our":[88],"results":[89],"reveal":[90],"that":[91,110],"fat-tree":[92],"mesh":[95],"are":[96],"energy-efficient":[99],"topologies,":[101],"particular":[103],"heavy":[105],"workloads.":[106],"Moreover,":[107],"they":[108],"show":[109],"Algorand":[111],"Diem":[113],"exhibit":[114],"lowest":[116],"per":[119],"transaction,":[120],"while":[121],"Clique":[123],"features":[124],"highest":[126],"\u2013":[129,135],"regardless":[130],"used":[133],"topology":[134],"IBFT":[138],"Solana":[140],"lead":[141],"higher":[143],"costs":[145],"intensive":[147],"as":[149],"size":[152],"increases.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-12-21T23:12:01.093139","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
