{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4393289573","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icbc59979.2024.10634373","title":"Gas-Efficient Decentralized Random Beacons","display_name":"Gas-Efficient Decentralized Random Beacons","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4393289573","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icbc59979.2024.10634373"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icbc59979.2024.10634373","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icbc59979.2024.10634373","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain and Cryptocurrency (ICBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04518100v1/file/Main.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5094274032","display_name":"V.P. Abidha","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"V.P. Abidha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hong Kong University of Science and Technology,Department of Computer Science and Engineering,Hong Kong,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology,Department of Computer Science and Engineering,Hong Kong,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051788730","display_name":"Togzhan Barakbayeva","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Togzhan Barakbayeva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hong Kong University of Science and Technology,Department of Computer Science and Engineering,Hong Kong,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology,Department of Computer Science and Engineering,Hong Kong,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100620746","display_name":"Zhuo Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9673-6888"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhuo Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hong Kong University of Science and Technology,Department of Computer Science and Engineering,Hong Kong,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology,Department of Computer Science and Engineering,Hong Kong,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005241421","display_name":"Amir Kafshdar Goharshady","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1702-6584"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amir Kafshdar Goharshady","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hong Kong University of Science and Technology,Department of Computer Science and Engineering,Hong Kong,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology,Department of Computer Science and Engineering,Hong Kong,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5094274032"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7283,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90304615,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"205","last_page":"209"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13553","display_name":"Age of Information Optimization","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.987500011920929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beacon","display_name":"Beacon","score":0.8634877800941467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6185495853424072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4125407934188843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.2701326310634613}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102168758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7321258","display_name":"Beacon","level":2,"score":0.8634877800941467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6185495853424072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4125407934188843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2701326310634613}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icbc59979.2024.10634373","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icbc59979.2024.10634373","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain and Cryptocurrency (ICBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-04518100v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04518100/document","pdf_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04518100v1/file/Main.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922461","display_name":"SPIRE - Sciences Po Institutional REpository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE International Conference on Blockchain and Cryptocurrency (ICBC), IEEE, May 2024, Dublin, Ireland","raw_type":"Conference papers"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-142364","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.hkust.edu.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-142364","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-04518100v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04518100/document","pdf_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04518100v1/file/Main.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922461","display_name":"SPIRE - Sciences Po Institutional REpository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE International Conference on Blockchain and Cryptocurrency (ICBC), IEEE, May 2024, Dublin, Ireland","raw_type":"Conference papers"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4393289573.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4393289573.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1909324101","https://openalex.org/W2035362408","https://openalex.org/W2394831348","https://openalex.org/W2739845435","https://openalex.org/W2795222609","https://openalex.org/W2884026699","https://openalex.org/W2885172320","https://openalex.org/W2904593111","https://openalex.org/W2915269496","https://openalex.org/W2920157079","https://openalex.org/W2950300692","https://openalex.org/W2953744829","https://openalex.org/W2963125462","https://openalex.org/W2997470263","https://openalex.org/W3016150129","https://openalex.org/W3048502684","https://openalex.org/W3113013286","https://openalex.org/W3185510629","https://openalex.org/W4225582235","https://openalex.org/W4292387255","https://openalex.org/W4296442968","https://openalex.org/W4297805806","https://openalex.org/W4312371136","https://openalex.org/W4312869732","https://openalex.org/W4379620222","https://openalex.org/W4384026532","https://openalex.org/W4384026564","https://openalex.org/W4384948766","https://openalex.org/W4387687567","https://openalex.org/W4389543452","https://openalex.org/W4389746694","https://openalex.org/W4391342090","https://openalex.org/W4399711632","https://openalex.org/W4401719027","https://openalex.org/W6712058016","https://openalex.org/W6752314814","https://openalex.org/W6763667569","https://openalex.org/W6798777315"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2567632598","https://openalex.org/W2106845956","https://openalex.org/W3158435160","https://openalex.org/W2112938119","https://openalex.org/W2101178385","https://openalex.org/W2790129070","https://openalex.org/W2132294172","https://openalex.org/W2277502495"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Decentralized":[0],"random":[1,22,65,81,139,181],"number":[2,53,140],"generation":[3],"is":[4,69,79,112,141,194,199,230],"a":[5,51,63,72,106,121,137,150,173,178],"widely-studied":[6],"problem":[7],"in":[8,32,36,71,97,123],"the":[9,19,40,76,89,124,131,157,161,164,197,206,210,221,238,242],"blockchain":[10],"community":[11],"and":[12,57,104,163,196],"much":[13],"attention":[14],"has":[15,118],"been":[16],"paid":[17],"to":[18,61,119,127,135,167,177,201],"so-called":[20],"on-chain":[21,46,158,180,216],"beacons,":[23,217],"i.e.":[24],"smart":[25,125,165],"contracts":[26],"that":[27,74,153,227],"generate":[28,136],"randomness":[29],"which":[30],"can":[31],"turn":[33],"be":[34],"used":[35],"other":[37],"contracts.":[38],"Following":[39],"classical":[41],"methodology":[42],"of":[43,55,88,109,156,237],"RANDAO,":[44],"most":[45,155],"beacons":[47,111],"receive":[48],"inputs":[49],"from":[50],"large":[52],"n":[54],"participants":[56,90,162],"then":[58],"aggregate":[59],"them":[60],"compute":[62],"final":[64,77],"output.":[66,190],"The":[67],"aggregation":[68],"done":[70],"manner":[73],"ensures":[75],"output":[78],"uniformly":[80],"as":[82,84,102,214],"long":[83],"at":[85,142],"least":[86,143],"one":[87,236],"acts":[91],"honestly.":[92],"While":[93],"being":[94],"highly":[95],"successful":[96],"providing":[98],"security":[99,212],"guarantes":[100],"such":[101],"unpredictability":[103],"tamper-resistance,":[105],"major":[107],"downside":[108],"these":[110],"their":[113,129],"cost.":[114],"Since":[115],"every":[116],"participant":[117],"call":[120],"function":[122],"contract":[126,166],"provide":[128],"input,":[130],"total":[132],"gas":[133,186,222],"usage":[134,187],"single":[138],"\u03a9(n).":[144],"In":[145],"this":[146],"work,":[147],"we":[148],"propose":[149],"novel":[151],"protocol":[152,193,229],"offloads":[154],"communication":[159,171],"between":[160],"an":[168],"alternative":[169],"off-chain":[170],"with":[172,183,205],"dealer.":[174],"This":[175],"leads":[176],"gas-efficient":[179],"beacon":[182],"only":[184],"O(1)":[185],"per":[188],"generated":[189],"Crucially,":[191],"our":[192,228],"trustless":[195],"dealer":[198],"unable":[200],"predict":[202],"or":[203],"tamper":[204],"result.":[207],"We":[208,224],"maintain":[209],"same":[211],"guarantees":[213],"previous":[215],"while":[218],"significantly":[219],"reducing":[220],"usage.":[223],"also":[225],"show":[226],"secure":[231],"even":[232],"if":[233],"all":[234],"but":[235],"participants,":[239],"potentially":[240],"including":[241],"dealer,":[243],"are":[244],"dishonest.":[245]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-04-15T08:11:43.952461","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
