{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4384009646","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icbc56567.2023.10174993","title":"SoK: Not Quite Water Under the Bridge: Review of Cross-Chain Bridge Hacks","display_name":"SoK: Not Quite Water Under the Bridge: Review of Cross-Chain Bridge Hacks","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4384009646","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icbc56567.2023.10174993"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icbc56567.2023.10174993","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icbc56567.2023.10174993","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain and Cryptocurrency (ICBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007010064","display_name":"Sung-Shine Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sung-Shine Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Quantstamp, Inc"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Quantstamp, Inc","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042092326","display_name":"Alexandr Murashkin","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexandr Murashkin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Quantstamp, Inc"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Quantstamp, Inc","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008183588","display_name":"Martin Derka","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Derka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Quantstamp, Inc"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Quantstamp, Inc","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010036458","display_name":"Jan Gorzny","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1435-8508"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan Gorzny","raw_affiliation_strings":["Quantstamp, Inc"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Quantstamp, Inc","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007010064"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":27.9123,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":62,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99667222,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"14"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9750999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9733999967575073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridge","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","score":0.8595854043960571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.6822436451911926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6059408783912659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptocurrency","display_name":"Cryptocurrency","score":0.5993204712867737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.5838302969932556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chain","display_name":"Chain (unit)","score":0.5089185237884521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecosystem","display_name":"Ecosystem","score":0.4825808107852936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3719518780708313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.14424696564674377}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100776233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2532492","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.8595854043960571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.6822436451911926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6059408783912659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180706569","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13479982","display_name":"Cryptocurrency","level":2,"score":0.5993204712867737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.5838302969932556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199185054","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q552299","display_name":"Chain (unit)","level":2,"score":0.5089185237884521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110872660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37813","display_name":"Ecosystem","level":2,"score":0.4825808107852936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3719518780708313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.14424696564674377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icbc56567.2023.10174993","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icbc56567.2023.10174993","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain and Cryptocurrency (ICBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1660562555","https://openalex.org/W2123845384","https://openalex.org/W2811448169","https://openalex.org/W2926987861","https://openalex.org/W2985634786","https://openalex.org/W3043572547","https://openalex.org/W3098532907","https://openalex.org/W3128070371","https://openalex.org/W3151748982","https://openalex.org/W3161687493","https://openalex.org/W3161733906","https://openalex.org/W3164916938","https://openalex.org/W3171382981","https://openalex.org/W3174738657","https://openalex.org/W3206104606","https://openalex.org/W3210159161","https://openalex.org/W3210902158","https://openalex.org/W4248175462","https://openalex.org/W4281786869","https://openalex.org/W4285300497","https://openalex.org/W4297140026","https://openalex.org/W4318616700","https://openalex.org/W6764638651","https://openalex.org/W6790276157","https://openalex.org/W6796549068","https://openalex.org/W6796689673"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210406818","https://openalex.org/W4306779889","https://openalex.org/W3048554917","https://openalex.org/W3211706803","https://openalex.org/W4382775358","https://openalex.org/W4246942721","https://openalex.org/W3209862047","https://openalex.org/W4386732777","https://openalex.org/W4304136894","https://openalex.org/W4303984095"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,56],"blockchain":[1,17,122],"ecosystem":[2,123],"has":[3],"evolved":[4],"into":[5],"a":[6,98,105],"multi-chain":[7],"world":[8],"with":[9,135],"various":[10],"blockchains":[11,44],"vying":[12],"for":[13,111],"use.":[14],"Although":[15],"each":[16],"may":[18],"have":[19,49],"its":[20],"own":[21],"native":[22],"cryptocurrency":[23],"or":[24],"digital":[25,41,79],"assets,":[26,80],"there":[27],"are":[28,45],"use":[29],"cases":[30],"to":[31,66],"transfer":[32],"these":[33,40],"assets":[34,42],"between":[35,90],"blockchains.":[36],"Systems":[37],"that":[38,85,124],"bring":[39],"across":[43],"called":[46],"bridges,":[47],"and":[48,61,77,107],"become":[50],"important":[51],"parts":[52],"of":[53,58,73,102],"the":[54,108,121],"ecosystem.":[55],"designs":[57],"bridges":[59],"vary":[60],"range":[62],"from":[63],"quite":[64],"primitive":[65],"extremely":[67],"complex.":[68],"However,":[69],"they":[70],"typically":[71],"consist":[72],"smart":[74],"contracts":[75],"holding":[76],"releasing":[78],"as":[81,83],"well":[82],"nodes":[84],"help":[86],"facilitate":[87],"user":[88],"interactions":[89],"chains.":[91],"In":[92,128],"this":[93],"paper":[94],"we":[95,116,131],"first":[96],"provide":[97],"high":[99],"level":[100],"break-down":[101],"components":[103],"in":[104,120],"bridge":[106,113,136],"different":[109],"processes":[110],"some":[112],"designs.":[114],"Then,":[115],"analyse":[117],"past":[118],"exploits":[119],"specifically":[125],"targeted":[126],"bridges.":[127],"doing":[129],"this,":[130],"identify":[132],"risks":[133],"associated":[134],"components.":[137]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T14:29:43.386196","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
