{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4384009679","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icbc56567.2023.10174958","title":"A Game-Theoretic Analysis of the Consistency Requirement for Permissioned Blockchains","display_name":"A Game-Theoretic Analysis of the Consistency Requirement for Permissioned Blockchains","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4384009679","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icbc56567.2023.10174958"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icbc56567.2023.10174958","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbc56567.2023.10174958","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain and Cryptocurrency (ICBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104142314","display_name":"Qi Ji","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78988378","display_name":"Renmin University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/041pakw92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qi Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information, Renmin University of China,Beijing,China","School of Information, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information, Renmin University of China,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103102651","display_name":"Jinchuan Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6433-0196"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78988378","display_name":"Renmin University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/041pakw92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinchuan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information, Renmin University of China,Beijing,China","School of Information, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information, Renmin University of China,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101774701","display_name":"Min Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3648-4110"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147877","display_name":"Nasdaq (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04mcweq87","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210147877"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094058","display_name":"State Administration of Foreign Exchange","ror":"https://ror.org/00phbja87","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094058"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Equities Exchange and Quotations,Fintech Subsidiary,Beijing,China","Fintech Subsidiary, National Equities Exchange and Quotations, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Equities Exchange and Quotations,Fintech Subsidiary,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fintech Subsidiary, National Equities Exchange and Quotations, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094058"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5104142314"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.13349092,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11182","display_name":"Auction Theory and Applications","score":0.9635000228881836,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.7361528277397156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subgame-perfect-equilibrium","display_name":"Subgame perfect equilibrium","score":0.7326469421386719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nash-equilibrium","display_name":"Nash equilibrium","score":0.6867966651916504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6704493761062622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/raft","display_name":"Raft","score":0.6579886078834534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/byzantine-fault-tolerance","display_name":"Byzantine fault tolerance","score":0.6400841474533081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subgame","display_name":"Subgame","score":0.6086442470550537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.43340739607810974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4318586587905884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-theory","display_name":"Game theory","score":0.4113660454750061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.36926913261413574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-economics","display_name":"Mathematical economics","score":0.3286988139152527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/best-response","display_name":"Best response","score":0.31251588463783264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-tolerance","display_name":"Fault tolerance","score":0.2804252505302429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.24751907587051392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2263582944869995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epsilon-equilibrium","display_name":"Epsilon-equilibrium","score":0.13667073845863342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.10841375589370728}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.7361528277397156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175983524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1615834","display_name":"Subgame perfect equilibrium","level":3,"score":0.7326469421386719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46814582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23389","display_name":"Nash equilibrium","level":2,"score":0.6867966651916504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6704493761062622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9132879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17100313","display_name":"Raft","level":4,"score":0.6579886078834534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168021876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1353446","display_name":"Byzantine fault tolerance","level":3,"score":0.6400841474533081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13576547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3965283","display_name":"Subgame","level":5,"score":0.6086442470550537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.43340739607810974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4318586587905884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177142836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44455","display_name":"Game theory","level":2,"score":0.4113660454750061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.36926913261413574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.3286988139152527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32407928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2733833","display_name":"Best response","level":3,"score":0.31251588463783264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63540848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3140932","display_name":"Fault tolerance","level":2,"score":0.2804252505302429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.24751907587051392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2263582944869995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141824439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q307521","display_name":"Epsilon-equilibrium","level":4,"score":0.13667073845863342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.10841375589370728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521977710","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81163","display_name":"Polymer","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15920480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q421281","display_name":"Copolymer","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icbc56567.2023.10174958","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbc56567.2023.10174958","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain and Cryptocurrency (ICBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3968440823","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022YFB2702100","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8057543385","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1911203","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W151187442","https://openalex.org/W2126087831","https://openalex.org/W2156580773","https://openalex.org/W2795163135","https://openalex.org/W2894261967","https://openalex.org/W2901994931","https://openalex.org/W2964159515","https://openalex.org/W3117228325","https://openalex.org/W4281252962","https://openalex.org/W6678832241","https://openalex.org/W6682904396","https://openalex.org/W6756215943"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4244028092","https://openalex.org/W4300264629","https://openalex.org/W2038407217","https://openalex.org/W194026267","https://openalex.org/W2402717231","https://openalex.org/W2951958824","https://openalex.org/W2201918336","https://openalex.org/W3125138254","https://openalex.org/W1934963","https://openalex.org/W1576403577"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Although":[0],"BFT(Byzantine":[1],"Fault":[2],"Tolerance)":[3],"is":[4],"one":[5],"of":[6,11,39,50,101],"the":[7,37,96],"most":[8],"distinctive":[9],"features":[10],"a":[12,44,57,84,88],"blockchain":[13,58,86],"system,":[14],"many":[15],"permissioned":[16,85],"blockchains":[17],"adopt":[18],"RAFT":[19,78],"as":[20,87],"their":[21,70,114],"consensus":[22],"protocols,":[23],"which":[24,55],"cannot":[25],"tolerate":[26],"any":[27],"Byzantine":[28],"nodes.":[29],"This":[30],"paper":[31],"analyzes":[32],"this":[33],"phenomenon":[34],"base":[35],"on":[36],"hypothesis":[38],"Rational":[40],"Man.":[41],"We":[42,72],"propose":[43],"new":[45],"consistency":[46,61],"requirement":[47],"in":[48,95],"terms":[49],"Nash":[51],"equilibrium,":[52],"called":[53],"NE-consistency,":[54],"requires":[56],"to":[59,109,112],"guarantee":[60],"given":[62],"that":[63,74,94],"all":[64,106],"participants":[65,107],"are":[66],"rational":[67],"when":[68],"choosing":[69],"strategies.":[71],"prove":[73,93],"both":[75,102],"PBFT":[76,103],"and":[77,104],"can":[79],"satisfy":[80],"NE-consistency":[81],"by":[82],"modeling":[83],"repeated":[89],"game.":[90],"Particularly,":[91],"we":[92],"sole":[97],"subgame":[98],"perfect":[99],"equilibrium":[100],"RAFT,":[105],"tend":[108],"be":[110],"good":[111],"maximize":[113],"profits.":[115]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-12-21T23:12:01.093139","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}