{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4384009600","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icbc56567.2023.10174920","title":"Gas Cost Analysis of Fractional NFT on the Ethereum Blockchain","display_name":"Gas Cost Analysis of Fractional NFT on the Ethereum Blockchain","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4384009600","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icbc56567.2023.10174920"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icbc56567.2023.10174920","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icbc56567.2023.10174920","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain and Cryptocurrency (ICBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073051296","display_name":"Won Seok Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4203-0457"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123900574","display_name":"Pohang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04xysgw12","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wonseok Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["POSTECH,Computer Science and Engineering,Pohang,Korea","Computer Science and Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"POSTECH,Computer Science and Engineering,Pohang,Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102534033","display_name":"Jongsoo Woo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123900574","display_name":"Pohang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04xysgw12","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jongsoo Woo","raw_affiliation_strings":["POSTECH,Graduate School of Information Technology,Pohang,Korea","Graduate School of Information Technology, POSTECH, Pohang, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"POSTECH,Graduate School of Information Technology,Pohang,Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Information Technology, POSTECH, Pohang, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074588447","display_name":"James Won\u2010Ki Hong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2853-7734"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123900574","display_name":"Pohang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04xysgw12","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Won-Ki Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["POSTECH,Computer Science and Engineering,Pohang,Korea","Computer Science and Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"POSTECH,Computer Science and Engineering,Pohang,Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073051296"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.6532,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93788743,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11995","display_name":"FinTech, Crowdfunding, Digital Finance","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11437","display_name":"Digital Platforms and Economics","score":0.9764999747276306,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lexical-analysis","display_name":"Lexical analysis","score":0.7603266835212708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.7270610332489014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/market-liquidity","display_name":"Market liquidity","score":0.639342725276947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6085524559020996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intermediary","display_name":"Intermediary","score":0.4587569236755371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asset","display_name":"Asset (computer security)","score":0.41519591212272644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.404571533203125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.37657880783081055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finance","display_name":"Finance","score":0.2588655650615692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.18533432483673096}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176982825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q835922","display_name":"Lexical analysis","level":2,"score":0.7603266835212708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.7270610332489014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183582576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184783","display_name":"Market liquidity","level":2,"score":0.639342725276947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6085524559020996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139569457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1666223","display_name":"Intermediary","level":2,"score":0.4587569236755371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76178495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4808784","display_name":"Asset (computer security)","level":2,"score":0.41519591212272644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.404571533203125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.37657880783081055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.2588655650615692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.18533432483673096}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icbc56567.2023.10174920","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icbc56567.2023.10174920","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain and Cryptocurrency (ICBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.5699999928474426,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7100330315","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"220222M01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334869","funder_display_name":"Korean National Police Agency"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334869","display_name":"Korean National Police Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/05x57gp50"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2910128102","https://openalex.org/W3095414792","https://openalex.org/W3151748982","https://openalex.org/W3162358200","https://openalex.org/W3192801646","https://openalex.org/W3212494572","https://openalex.org/W4224920816","https://openalex.org/W4246999750","https://openalex.org/W4293799849","https://openalex.org/W6793285265","https://openalex.org/W6795551194","https://openalex.org/W6828686425","https://openalex.org/W7058301948"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210406818","https://openalex.org/W4306779889","https://openalex.org/W4386732777","https://openalex.org/W3211706803","https://openalex.org/W4382775358","https://openalex.org/W4246942721","https://openalex.org/W3209862047","https://openalex.org/W4304136894","https://openalex.org/W2989851257","https://openalex.org/W3157166640"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,27,58,112,135],"rise":[2],"of":[3,9,60,89],"NFTs,":[4,76],"which":[5,97],"serve":[6],"as":[7,54],"proof":[8],"ownership":[10],"for":[11,29,34,100],"assets,":[12],"security":[13],"tokens":[14],"that":[15,63,125],"enable":[16],"transactions":[17],"without":[18],"intermediaries":[19],"have":[20,134],"become":[21],"a":[22,51],"popular":[23],"topic.":[24],"Tokenization":[25],"eliminates":[26],"need":[28],"centralized":[30],"markets":[31],"and":[32,66,77,92],"allows":[33],"fast":[35],"trades.":[36],"In":[37,82],"addition":[38],"to":[39,44],"tokenization,":[40],"there":[41,69],"are":[42,98,108],"attempts":[43],"increase":[45],"asset":[46],"liquidity":[47],"by":[48],"fractionalizing":[49],"them,":[50],"concept":[52],"known":[53],"fractional":[55,67,75,90,102,117],"ownership.":[56],"Despite":[57],"existence":[59],"some":[61],"platforms":[62],"use":[64],"tokenization":[65],"ownership,":[68],"is":[70,80],"still":[71],"limited":[72],"research":[73],"on":[74,111],"institutional":[78],"support":[79],"lacking.":[81],"this":[83],"paper,":[84],"we":[85,115],"propose":[86],"possible":[87],"implementations":[88],"NFTs":[91,107,118,129],"evaluate":[93],"their":[94],"gas":[95,138],"costs,":[96],"crucial":[99],"providing":[101],"NFT-related":[103],"services.":[104],"As":[105],"most":[106],"minted":[109],"based":[110],"Ethereum":[113],"blockchain,":[114],"implement":[116],"using":[119],"ERC":[120],"standards.":[121],"Our":[122],"evaluation":[123],"shows":[124],"ERC-721":[126],"or":[127],"ERC-1155":[128],"fractionalized":[130],"into":[131],"ERC-20":[132],"FTs":[133],"lowest":[136],"long-term":[137],"costs.":[139]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-01T17:29:45.350535","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}