{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4283733641","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icbc54727.2022.9805499","title":"TWAP Oracle Attacks: Easier Done than Said?","display_name":"TWAP Oracle Attacks: Easier Done than Said?","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4283733641","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icbc54727.2022.9805499"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icbc54727.2022.9805499","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icbc54727.2022.9805499","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain and Cryptocurrency (ICBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087469911","display_name":"Torgin Mackinga","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Torgin Mackinga","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Zürich"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Zürich","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085735041","display_name":"Tejaswi Nadahalli","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tejaswi Nadahalli","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Zürich"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Zürich","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078339613","display_name":"Roger Wattenhofer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6339-3134"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roger Wattenhofer","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Zürich"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Zürich","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.9666,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97470555,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11838","display_name":"Crime, Illicit Activities, and Governance","score":0.9266999959945679,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9150999784469604,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oracle","display_name":"Oracle","score":0.9234017133712769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7698541879653931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.7609139084815979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-oracle","display_name":"Random oracle","score":0.6870065331459045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.48295825719833374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block-size","display_name":"Block size","score":0.47217220067977905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3829731345176697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.3394967317581177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.24582189321517944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.2038455605506897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16919273138046265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.16385596990585327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-key-cryptography","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","score":0.14218395948410034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.08209091424942017}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55166926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2892946","display_name":"Oracle","level":2,"score":0.9234017133712769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7698541879653931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.7609139084815979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94284585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228184","display_name":"Random oracle","level":4,"score":0.6870065331459045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.48295825719833374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41431624","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053357","display_name":"Block size","level":3,"score":0.47217220067977905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3829731345176697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.3394967317581177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.24582189321517944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.2038455605506897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16919273138046265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.16385596990585327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.14218395948410034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.08209091424942017}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icbc54727.2022.9805499","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icbc54727.2022.9805499","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain and Cryptocurrency (ICBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.5299999713897705}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1523833175","https://openalex.org/W2803238698","https://openalex.org/W2886706106","https://openalex.org/W3009765502","https://openalex.org/W3103292315","https://openalex.org/W3111099134","https://openalex.org/W3151748982","https://openalex.org/W3211314335","https://openalex.org/W4288374026","https://openalex.org/W6631441790","https://openalex.org/W6761210204","https://openalex.org/W6770265152","https://openalex.org/W6774817649","https://openalex.org/W6793285265"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2077189200","https://openalex.org/W2393136772","https://openalex.org/W768788828","https://openalex.org/W4386229429","https://openalex.org/W2035025044","https://openalex.org/W3016449295","https://openalex.org/W53339341","https://openalex.org/W2917815002","https://openalex.org/W2484416673","https://openalex.org/W2618349488"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Blockchain":[0],"\"on-chain\"":[1],"oracles":[2,17,33],"are":[3],"critical":[4],"to":[5,91],"the":[6,24,36,49,59,62,81,85,103,133],"functioning":[7],"of":[8,26,61,125,148],"many":[9],"Decentralized":[10],"Finance":[11],"(DeFi)":[12],"protocols.":[13],"We":[14,64],"analyze":[15,23],"these":[16],"for":[18],"manipulation":[19,123],"resistance.":[20],"Specifically,":[21],"we":[22,73,94],"cost":[25],"manipulating":[27,44],"on-chain":[28],"time-weighted":[29],"average":[30],"price":[31],"(TWAP)":[32],"that":[34,43,78],"use":[35],"arithmetic":[37],"mean.":[38],"It":[39],"has":[40],"been":[41],"assumed":[42],"a":[45,75,96,107,115],"TWAP":[46],"oracle":[47,122],"with":[48,58,68,106,144],"well-known":[50],"multi-block":[51,86,97],"attack":[52,77,87,101,120],"is":[53],"expensive":[54],"and":[55],"scales":[56],"linearly":[57],"length":[60],"TWAP.":[63],"question":[65],"this":[66],"assumption":[67],"two":[69,112],"novel":[70],"results.":[71],"First,":[72],"describe":[74,95],"single-block":[76],"works":[79],"under":[80],"same":[82],"setting":[83],"as":[84],"but":[88],"costs":[89],"less":[90],"execute.":[92],"Second,":[93],"MEV":[98],"(MMEV)":[99],"style":[100,119],"where":[102],"attacker":[104],"colludes":[105],"miner/proposer":[108],"who":[109],"can":[110,137],"mine/propose":[111],"blocks":[113],"in":[114],"row.":[116],"This":[117],"MMEV":[118,136],"makes":[121],"orders":[124],"magnitude":[126],"cheaper":[127],"than":[128],"previously":[129],"known":[130],"attacks.":[131],"In":[132],"proof-of-work":[134],"setting,":[135],"be":[138],"done":[139],"by":[140],"selfish":[141],"mining":[142],"even":[143],"very":[145],"low":[146],"shares":[147],"hashpower.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}