{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3173703517","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icbc51069.2021.9461150","title":"Edge2BC: a Practical Approach for Edge-to-Blockchain IoT Transactions","display_name":"Edge2BC: a Practical Approach for Edge-to-Blockchain IoT Transactions","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3173703517","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icbc51069.2021.9461150","mag":"3173703517"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icbc51069.2021.9461150","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icbc51069.2021.9461150","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608612","display_name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain and Cryptocurrency (ICBC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain and Cryptocurrency (ICBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/5091523","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063749335","display_name":"Eder J. Scheid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7989-5286"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Eder J. Scheid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communication Systems Group CSG, University of Z\u00fcrich UZH, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communication Systems Group CSG, University of Z\u00fcrich UZH, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039498194","display_name":"A. Knecht","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3767-950X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Knecht","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communication Systems Group CSG, University of Z\u00fcrich UZH, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communication Systems Group CSG, University of Z\u00fcrich UZH, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059260969","display_name":"Tim Strasser","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tim Strasser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communication Systems Group CSG, University of Z\u00fcrich UZH, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communication Systems Group CSG, University of Z\u00fcrich UZH, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053654122","display_name":"Christian Killer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7943-1185"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Killer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communication Systems Group CSG, University of Z\u00fcrich UZH, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communication Systems Group CSG, University of Z\u00fcrich UZH, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069785997","display_name":"Muriel Figueredo Franco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0208-0521"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muriel Franco","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communication Systems Group CSG, University of Z\u00fcrich UZH, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communication Systems Group CSG, University of Z\u00fcrich UZH, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003277024","display_name":"Bruno Rodrigues","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3277-3799"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bruno Rodrigues","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communication Systems Group CSG, University of Z\u00fcrich UZH, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communication Systems Group CSG, University of Z\u00fcrich UZH, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033030418","display_name":"Burkhard Stiller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7461-7463"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Burkhard Stiller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communication Systems Group CSG, University of Z\u00fcrich UZH, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communication Systems Group CSG, University of Z\u00fcrich UZH, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063749335"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1397,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76915923,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9725000262260437,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7839973568916321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interoperability","display_name":"Interoperability","score":0.6745296716690063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database-transaction","display_name":"Database transaction","score":0.6575652360916138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5786148905754089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5697444081306458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traceability","display_name":"Traceability","score":0.5010321140289307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.48072102665901184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.4740849733352661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.46514689922332764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.45064789056777954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-key-infrastructure","display_name":"Public key infrastructure","score":0.431124746799469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4187335968017578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-key-cryptography","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","score":0.38938236236572266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.3531140089035034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.25936976075172424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.22436103224754333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.19846513867378235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.17134219408035278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.1285770833492279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09956619143486023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.09292802214622498}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7839973568916321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20136886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749647","display_name":"Interoperability","level":2,"score":0.6745296716690063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75949130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848010","display_name":"Database transaction","level":2,"score":0.6575652360916138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5786148905754089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5697444081306458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153876917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899704","display_name":"Traceability","level":2,"score":0.5010321140289307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.48072102665901184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.4740849733352661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.46514689922332764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.45064789056777954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72648740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q658476","display_name":"Public key infrastructure","level":4,"score":0.431124746799469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4187335968017578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.38938236236572266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.3531140089035034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.25936976075172424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.22436103224754333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.19846513867378235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.17134219408035278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.1285770833492279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09956619143486023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.09292802214622498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icbc51069.2021.9461150","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icbc51069.2021.9461150","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608612","display_name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain and Cryptocurrency (ICBC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain and Cryptocurrency (ICBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:5091523","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/5091523","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferencePaper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:5091523","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/5091523","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferencePaper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1983150384","https://openalex.org/W2183171747","https://openalex.org/W2311411768","https://openalex.org/W2534153122","https://openalex.org/W2737252471","https://openalex.org/W2803371618","https://openalex.org/W2941453955","https://openalex.org/W2947690458","https://openalex.org/W2947790980","https://openalex.org/W2966725428","https://openalex.org/W2997316399","https://openalex.org/W3006089783","https://openalex.org/W3009626511","https://openalex.org/W3032640185","https://openalex.org/W3034734755","https://openalex.org/W3034872311","https://openalex.org/W3045405414","https://openalex.org/W3047034512","https://openalex.org/W3053503374","https://openalex.org/W3101098008","https://openalex.org/W6761591222","https://openalex.org/W6763184265","https://openalex.org/W6779372467"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2763050151","https://openalex.org/W2001371286","https://openalex.org/W1915479549","https://openalex.org/W1606380665","https://openalex.org/W2994213367","https://openalex.org/W1955053247","https://openalex.org/W2036546368","https://openalex.org/W2047347125","https://openalex.org/W1484754451","https://openalex.org/W2104283649"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,22,113],"integration":[1],"of":[2,20,24,46,54],"Blockchains":[3],"(BC)":[4],"and":[5,15,134,137],"Internet-of-Things":[6],"(IoT)":[7],"brings":[8],"several":[9],"benefits,":[10,32],"such":[11,177],"as":[12],"data":[13,60,111],"immutability":[14],"traceability,":[16],"to":[17,88,102,120,127,138,144,164,175],"a":[18,55,85,123,178,201],"myriad":[19],"use-cases.":[21],"use":[23],"intermediary":[25,103],"nodes,":[26,104],"e.g.,":[27],"an":[28,94,117],"edge":[29,118],"node,":[30],"provides":[31],"but":[33,182],"opens":[34],"the":[35,44,51,59,109,140,145,161,183,189],"possibility":[36],"for":[37,48,154],"attacks,":[38],"especially":[39],"when":[40,197],"considering":[41],"nodes":[42],"handling":[43],"signing":[45,190],"transactions":[47,71,92],"devices.":[49],"If":[50],"private":[52,75,100],"key":[53,76,101],"device":[56,64,96,114],"is":[57,173],"leaked,":[58],"coming":[61],"from":[62],"that":[63,74,171],"cannot":[65],"be":[66,193],"trusted":[67],"anymore,":[68],"thus,":[69,105],"rendering":[70],"signed":[72,141],"with":[73,122],"unreliable.To":[77],"tackle":[78],"this":[79,81],"concern,":[80],"paper":[82],"presents":[83],"Edge2BC,":[84],"practical":[86],"approach":[87],"sign":[89],"automatically":[90],"BC":[91,124,147],"in":[93,108,160,180,200],"IoT":[95],"without":[97],"revealing":[98],"its":[99],"increasing":[106],"trust":[107],"edge-to-BC":[110],"transit.":[112],"relies":[115],"on":[116],"node":[119],"communicate":[121],"interoperability":[125],"API":[126],"retrieve":[128],"dynamic":[129],"information":[130],"(e.g.,":[131],"transaction":[132,143],"nonce":[133],"gas":[135],"price)":[136],"send":[139],"raw":[142],"correct":[146],"node.":[148],"Power":[149],"measurements":[150],"(i.e.,":[151],"required":[152,187],"current":[153],"different":[155],"method":[156,179],"steps)":[157],"were":[158],"performed":[159],"prototype":[162],"implemented":[163],"verify":[165],"Edge2BC's":[166],"feasibility.":[167],"Such":[168],"evaluations":[169],"indicate":[170],"it":[172],"possible":[174],"have":[176],"place,":[181],"high":[184],"power":[185],"consumption":[186],"during":[188],"phase":[191],"should":[192],"taken":[194],"into":[195],"consideration":[196],"deploying":[198],"Edge2BC":[199],"dedicated":[202],"scenario.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}