{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3175229480","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icbc51069.2021.9461101","title":"\u00c6ternum: A Decentralized Voting System with Unconditional Privacy","display_name":"\u00c6ternum: A Decentralized Voting System with Unconditional Privacy","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3175229480","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icbc51069.2021.9461101","mag":"3175229480"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icbc51069.2021.9461101","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icbc51069.2021.9461101","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608612","display_name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain and Cryptocurrency (ICBC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain and Cryptocurrency (ICBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/5091503","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053654122","display_name":"Christian Killer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7943-1185"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Christian Killer","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Zurich UZH,Communication Systems Group CSG,Department of Informatics IfI,Z&#x00FC;rich,Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Zurich UZH,Communication Systems Group CSG,Department of Informatics IfI,Z&#x00FC;rich,Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013463606","display_name":"Markus Knecht","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Markus Knecht","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Zurich UZH,Communication Systems Group CSG,Department of Informatics IfI,Z&#x00FC;rich,Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Zurich UZH,Communication Systems Group CSG,Department of Informatics IfI,Z&#x00FC;rich,Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033487952","display_name":"Claude M\u00fcller","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claude Muller","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Zurich UZH,Communication Systems Group CSG,Department of Informatics IfI,Z&#x00FC;rich,Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Zurich UZH,Communication Systems Group CSG,Department of Informatics IfI,Z&#x00FC;rich,Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003277024","display_name":"Bruno Rodrigues","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3277-3799"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bruno Rodrigues","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Zurich UZH,Communication Systems Group CSG,Department of Informatics IfI,Z&#x00FC;rich,Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Zurich UZH,Communication Systems Group CSG,Department of Informatics IfI,Z&#x00FC;rich,Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063749335","display_name":"Eder J. Scheid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7989-5286"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eder Scheid","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Zurich UZH,Communication Systems Group CSG,Department of Informatics IfI,Z&#x00FC;rich,Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Zurich UZH,Communication Systems Group CSG,Department of Informatics IfI,Z&#x00FC;rich,Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069785997","display_name":"Muriel Figueredo Franco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0208-0521"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muriel Franco","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Zurich UZH,Communication Systems Group CSG,Department of Informatics IfI,Z&#x00FC;rich,Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Zurich UZH,Communication Systems Group CSG,Department of Informatics IfI,Z&#x00FC;rich,Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033030418","display_name":"Burkhard Stiller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7461-7463"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Burkhard Stiller","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Zurich UZH,Communication Systems Group CSG,Department of Informatics IfI,Z&#x00FC;rich,Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Zurich UZH,Communication Systems Group CSG,Department of Informatics IfI,Z&#x00FC;rich,Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053654122"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7616,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73884114,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"7859","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ballot","display_name":"Ballot","score":0.8961055278778076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7639800310134888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voting","display_name":"Voting","score":0.717261016368866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.6521849632263184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-voting","display_name":"Electronic voting","score":0.6041890978813171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6037262678146362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.489774227142334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-privacy","display_name":"Information privacy","score":0.472675621509552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.3253830075263977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08671268820762634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.08351519703865051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.06714409589767456}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777094542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905151","display_name":"Ballot","level":4,"score":0.8961055278778076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7639800310134888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520049643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189760","display_name":"Voting","level":3,"score":0.717261016368866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6521849632263184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780612046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926161","display_name":"Electronic voting","level":4,"score":0.6041890978813171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6037262678146362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.489774227142334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.472675621509552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.3253830075263977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08671268820762634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.08351519703865051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.06714409589767456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icbc51069.2021.9461101","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icbc51069.2021.9461101","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608612","display_name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain and Cryptocurrency (ICBC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain and Cryptocurrency (ICBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:5091503","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/5091503","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferencePaper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:5091503","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/5091503","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferencePaper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7799999713897705}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W40134741","https://openalex.org/W110480627","https://openalex.org/W1533609319","https://openalex.org/W1535761728","https://openalex.org/W1549483294","https://openalex.org/W1550614890","https://openalex.org/W1573944721","https://openalex.org/W1598893862","https://openalex.org/W1603759597","https://openalex.org/W1619325103","https://openalex.org/W1654227282","https://openalex.org/W1655958391","https://openalex.org/W1712244114","https://openalex.org/W1885156594","https://openalex.org/W1991061563","https://openalex.org/W2037219564","https://openalex.org/W2103647628","https://openalex.org/W2137435127","https://openalex.org/W2147479777","https://openalex.org/W2156410527","https://openalex.org/W2392962693","https://openalex.org/W2512940382","https://openalex.org/W2621530037","https://openalex.org/W2739487772","https://openalex.org/W2744999500","https://openalex.org/W2788054796","https://openalex.org/W2890651595","https://openalex.org/W2911752833","https://openalex.org/W2970249995","https://openalex.org/W2976115099","https://openalex.org/W2990560012","https://openalex.org/W3015087059","https://openalex.org/W3125305177","https://openalex.org/W3193273449","https://openalex.org/W6601589750","https://openalex.org/W6604467745","https://openalex.org/W6695741373"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2160708112","https://openalex.org/W4285182480","https://openalex.org/W2033355099","https://openalex.org/W3044910261","https://openalex.org/W4247470445","https://openalex.org/W2287483166","https://openalex.org/W2065670687","https://openalex.org/W2019613772","https://openalex.org/W2363140998","https://openalex.org/W2111822953"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Remote":[0],"Electronic":[1],"Voting":[2],"(REV)":[3],"systems":[4],"allow":[5],"voters":[6],"to":[7,88],"cast":[8],"their":[9],"votes":[10],"in":[11,73],"an":[12,84],"uncontrolled,":[13],"distributed":[14],"environment.":[15],"At":[16],"the":[17,20,30],"same":[18],"time,":[19],"REV":[21,36,60],"system":[22,61],"must":[23],"provide":[24,50,89],"ballot":[25,39],"privacy":[26,40],"and":[27],"verifiability":[28],"of":[29,83,109],"final":[31],"tally.":[32],"Research":[33],"has":[34],"proposed":[35],"schemes":[37],"offering":[38],"based":[41],"on":[42],"computational":[43,81],"intractability":[44,82],"assumptions,":[45,96],"but":[46],"only":[47],"a":[48,59,63,74,99,106,115],"few":[49],"Unconditional":[51],"Privacy":[52],"(UP).":[53],"Therefore,":[54],"this":[55],"work":[56],"proposes":[57],"\u00c6ternum,":[58],"with":[62],"voting":[64],"scheme":[65],"providing":[66],"UP.":[67,90],"\u00c6ternum":[68,97],"does":[69,78],"not":[70],"require":[71],"trust":[72,95],"central":[75],"authority,":[76],"nor":[77],"it":[79],"assume":[80],"underlying":[85],"mathematical":[86],"problem":[87],"To":[91],"satisfy":[92],"UP's":[93],"minimal":[94],"uses":[98],"permissioned":[100,110],"Distributed":[101],"Ledger":[102],"(DL),":[103],"that":[104],"forms":[105],"decentralized":[107],"network":[108],"nodes,":[111],"which":[112],"serve":[113],"as":[114],"transparent,":[116],"tamper-proof":[117],"Decentralized":[118],"Public":[119],"Bulletin":[120],"Board":[121],"(DPBB).":[122]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
