{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3016704898","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icbc48266.2020.9169427","title":"Energy Consumption Analysis of XRP Validator","display_name":"Energy Consumption Analysis of XRP Validator","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3016704898","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icbc48266.2020.9169427","mag":"3016704898"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icbc48266.2020.9169427","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icbc48266.2020.9169427","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain and Cryptocurrency (ICBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079106134","display_name":"Crystal Andrea Roma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9138-215X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Crystal Andrea Roma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024426963","display_name":"M.A. Hasan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4103-7945"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Anwar Hasan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079106134"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9471,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89353026,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"3"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9876999855041504,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10742","display_name":"Peer-to-Peer Network Technologies","score":0.9785000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/validator","display_name":"Validator","score":0.9651685953140259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6574684381484985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/payment","display_name":"Payment","score":0.5480213761329651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ledger","display_name":"Ledger","score":0.49956560134887695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database-transaction","display_name":"Database transaction","score":0.49747756123542786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.45309168100357056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.4492621421813965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.41837409138679504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accounting","display_name":"Accounting","score":0.327134907245636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.26828622817993164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.2347344160079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.10021606087684631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.08504071831703186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07646328210830688}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35292069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1575458","display_name":"Validator","level":2,"score":0.9651685953140259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6574684381484985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145097563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148747","display_name":"Payment","level":2,"score":0.5480213761329651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91302708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732056","display_name":"Ledger","level":2,"score":0.49956560134887695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75949130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848010","display_name":"Database transaction","level":2,"score":0.49747756123542786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.45309168100357056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4492621421813965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.41837409138679504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.327134907245636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.26828622817993164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.2347344160079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.10021606087684631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.08504071831703186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07646328210830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icbc48266.2020.9169427","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icbc48266.2020.9169427","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain and Cryptocurrency (ICBC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:uwspace.uwaterloo.ca:10012/15717","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10012/15717","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401661","display_name":"UWSpace (University of Waterloo)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","host_organization_name":"University of Waterloo","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Technical Report"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9100000262260437}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1534409950","https://openalex.org/W2788443451","https://openalex.org/W3016704898","https://openalex.org/W6748300356"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4318683744","https://openalex.org/W2910132097","https://openalex.org/W4375842390","https://openalex.org/W2383224865","https://openalex.org/W3136330736","https://openalex.org/W4292825312","https://openalex.org/W2059272164","https://openalex.org/W4387389211","https://openalex.org/W2613387868","https://openalex.org/W4378551684"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,19],"XRP":[1,23,63,74],"Ledger":[2,24],"is":[3,53,76],"an":[4,14,45,62,73],"open-source":[5],"payment":[6,17],"system":[7],"with":[8],"a":[9],"primary":[10],"focus":[11],"on":[12,26],"providing":[13],"efficient":[15],"cross-border":[16],"network.":[18],"advancement":[20],"of":[21,29,72],"the":[22,27,41,69,80,89,97,100],"relies":[25],"agreement":[28],"validator":[30,64,75],"nodes":[31],"which":[32],"propose":[33],"candidate":[34],"transaction":[35],"sets":[36],"to":[37,57,60,78,82,95],"be":[38],"included":[39],"in":[40,88,99],"next":[42],"ledger":[43],"through":[44],"iterative":[46],"consensus":[47],"process.":[48],"Unlike":[49],"Bitcoin":[50],"miners,":[51],"there":[52],"no":[54],"reward":[55],"scheme":[56],"incentivize":[58],"volunteers":[59],"run":[61,83],"node.":[65,85],"In":[66],"this":[67,84],"article,":[68],"energy":[70,101],"consumption":[71],"studied":[77],"quantify":[79],"cost":[81],"Various":[86],"parameters":[87],"configuration":[90],"settings":[91],"are":[92,110],"also":[93],"modified":[94],"study":[96],"change":[98],"consumed.":[102],"Using":[103],"these":[104],"results,":[105],"estimated":[106],"annual":[107],"electricity":[108],"costs":[109],"compared.":[111]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
