{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388280129","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icbase59196.2023.10303071","title":"A Semi-Supervised Learning and Knowledge Distillation Based Method for Annotation of LIDAR Point Cloud Data","display_name":"A Semi-Supervised Learning and Knowledge Distillation Based Method for Annotation of LIDAR Point Cloud Data","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388280129","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icbase59196.2023.10303071"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icbase59196.2023.10303071","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbase59196.2023.10303071","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 4th International Conference on Big Data & Artificial Intelligence & Software Engineering (ICBASE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075985115","display_name":"Chongchong Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4234-1260"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179026463","display_name":"Beijing Technology and Business University","ror":"https://ror.org/013e0zm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179026463"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chongchong Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Technology and Business University,School of Artificial Intelligence,Beijing,China","School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Technology and Business University,School of Artificial Intelligence,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179026463"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179026463"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100371040","display_name":"Fan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7975-4790"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179026463","display_name":"Beijing Technology and Business University","ror":"https://ror.org/013e0zm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179026463"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Technology and Business University,School of Artificial Intelligence,Beijing,China","School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Technology and Business University,School of Artificial Intelligence,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179026463"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179026463"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081322575","display_name":"Jialun Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6447-5713"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179026463","display_name":"Beijing Technology and Business University","ror":"https://ror.org/013e0zm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179026463"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jialun Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Technology and Business University,School of Artificial Intelligence,Beijing,China","School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Technology and Business University,School of Artificial Intelligence,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179026463"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179026463"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056894492","display_name":"Tong Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2251-6844"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179026463","display_name":"Beijing Technology and Business University","ror":"https://ror.org/013e0zm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179026463"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tong Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Technology and Business University,School of Artificial Intelligence,Beijing,China","School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Technology and Business University,School of Artificial Intelligence,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179026463"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179026463"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088144038","display_name":"Wenbin Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0982-698X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107738","display_name":"CCTEG Shenyang Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01b38s834","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210107738"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767670","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Safety Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04q78at80","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210107738","https://openalex.org/I4391767670"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenbin Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Coal Science and Technology Group Shenyang Research Institute,State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Safety Technology,Shenyang,China","State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Safety Technology, China Coal Science and Technology Group Shenyang Research Institute, Shenyang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Coal Science and Technology Group Shenyang Research Institute,State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Safety Technology,Shenyang,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107738"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Safety Technology, China Coal Science and Technology Group Shenyang Research Institute, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107738","https://openalex.org/I4391767670"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5075985115"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179026463"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.13814507,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":null,"first_page":"14","last_page":"22"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10719","display_name":"3D Shape Modeling and Analysis","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.8566356897354126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8001287579536438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6131202578544617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.5954018235206604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.5533146262168884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5433968901634216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pyramid","display_name":"Pyramid (geometry)","score":0.4688378870487213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.45734119415283203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.45396479964256287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.44378355145454407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annotation","display_name":"Annotation","score":0.44194793701171875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.38442230224609375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.34484541416168213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.20337620377540588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.1936512589454651}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.8566356897354126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8001287579536438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6131202578544617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.5954018235206604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5533146262168884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5433968901634216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142575187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3358290","display_name":"Pyramid (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4688378870487213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.45734119415283203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.45396479964256287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.44378355145454407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.44194793701171875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.38442230224609375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.34484541416168213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.20337620377540588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.1936512589454651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icbase59196.2023.10303071","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbase59196.2023.10303071","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 4th International Conference on Big Data & Artificial Intelligence & Software Engineering (ICBASE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.41999998688697815,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2560609797","https://openalex.org/W2575055368","https://openalex.org/W2801096442","https://openalex.org/W2980063905","https://openalex.org/W2986514296","https://openalex.org/W2995808743","https://openalex.org/W3001197829","https://openalex.org/W3021522727","https://openalex.org/W3034342078","https://openalex.org/W3035739565","https://openalex.org/W3047644375","https://openalex.org/W3048294954","https://openalex.org/W3122219821","https://openalex.org/W3153635465","https://openalex.org/W3157334780","https://openalex.org/W3171215128","https://openalex.org/W3202349074","https://openalex.org/W3203495808","https://openalex.org/W4312828305","https://openalex.org/W6763422710","https://openalex.org/W6773005947","https://openalex.org/W6776296988"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4319317934","https://openalex.org/W2901265155","https://openalex.org/W2956374172","https://openalex.org/W4319837668","https://openalex.org/W4308071650","https://openalex.org/W3188333020","https://openalex.org/W4293094720","https://openalex.org/W2739701376","https://openalex.org/W4399442168","https://openalex.org/W2114282491"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Lidar":[0],"is":[1,35,107,147,174,194,215],"a":[2,93,125],"typical":[3],"sensor":[4],"in":[5,222],"the":[6,30,49,100,119,133,142,150,161,177,183,187,192,202,208,212,218,226,230,234,238,243,251,257,260],"fields":[7],"of":[8,33,70,79,96,102,114,135,191,211,242,259],"autonomous":[9],"driving,":[10],"environment-aware":[11],"robots,":[12],"and":[13,29,72,76,110,138,165,225,247],"industrial":[14],"automation.":[15],"The":[16],"3D":[17,26,53,103],"point":[18,54,104,126,144,169,184,239],"cloud":[19,55,105,127,145,170,185,240],"data":[20,56,71,106,128,146,241],"collected":[21],"by":[22,149],"it":[23,249],"contains":[24],"rich":[25],"spatial":[27],"information,":[28],"surface":[31],"description":[32],"objects":[34],"also":[36],"close":[37],"to":[38,87,156,181,255],"reality,":[39],"which":[40],"helps":[41],"people":[42],"perceive":[43],"complex":[44,80],"scenes.":[45,81],"In":[46],"recent":[47],"years,":[48],"deep":[50],"learning-based":[51],"lidar":[52],"processing":[57],"method":[58,130,155,221],"has":[59],"received":[60],"widespread":[61],"attention,":[62],"realizing":[63,73],"automatic":[64],"feature":[65],"learning":[66,137],"from":[67],"large":[68,94],"amounts":[69],"target":[74],"detection":[75],"semantic":[77,171,189],"segmentation":[78,172],"Among":[82],"them,":[83],"most":[84],"methods":[85],"need":[86],"learn":[88],"model":[89,173,214],"parameters":[90],"based":[91,131],"on":[92,132,237],"amount":[95],"labeled":[97],"data.":[98],"However,":[99],"annotation":[101],"more":[108],"time-consuming":[109],"laborious":[111],"than":[112],"that":[113],"2D":[115],"images.":[116],"Aiming":[117],"at":[118],"above":[120],"problems,":[121],"this":[122],"paper":[123],"proposes":[124],"labeling":[129,235],"combination":[134],"semi-supervised":[136],"knowledge":[139,223],"distillation.":[140],"Firstly,":[141],"existing":[143],"denoised":[148],"improved":[151],"three-dimensional":[152],"guided":[153],"filtering":[154],"remove":[157],"useless":[158],"noise.":[159],"Then,":[160],"classic":[162],"Bilateral":[163],"Augmentation":[164],"Adaptive":[166],"Fusion":[167],"(BAAF)":[168],"used":[175],"as":[176],"teacher":[178,219],"model.":[179],"Moreover,":[180],"enhance":[182],"data,":[186,254],"local":[188],"context":[190],"pyramid":[193],"introduced.":[195],"We":[196],"further":[197],"generate":[198],"high-quality":[199],"pseudo-labels":[200],"through":[201,217],"class":[203],"range":[204],"balance":[205],"module.":[206],"Finally,":[207],"rapid":[209],"training":[210],"student":[213],"completed":[216],"averaging":[220],"distillation":[224],"obtained":[227],"pseudo-labels.":[228],"During":[229],"experiment,":[231],"we":[232],"discuss":[233],"effect":[236],"public":[244],"SemanticKITTI":[245],"dataset":[246],"compare":[248],"with":[250],"scribble-annotated":[252],"ScribbleKITTI":[253],"verify":[256],"ability":[258],"proposed":[261],"method.":[262]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-12-25T23:11:45.687758","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}