{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2062067995","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icb.2013.6612995","title":"Gender classification using automatically detected and aligned 3D ear range data","display_name":"Gender classification using automatically detected and aligned 3D ear range data","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2062067995","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icb.2013.6612995","mag":"2062067995"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icb.2013.6612995","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icb.2013.6612995","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 International Conference on Biometrics (ICB)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059221945","display_name":"Jiajia Lei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiajia Lei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","Huazhong Univ. of Sci. & Technolgy, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huazhong Univ. of Sci. & Technolgy, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011837242","display_name":"Jindan Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145608581","display_name":"University of Miami","ror":"https://ror.org/02dgjyy92","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145608581"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jindan Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA","Univ. of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145608581"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145608581"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108096234","display_name":"Mohamed Abdel-Mottaleb","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145608581","display_name":"University of Miami","ror":"https://ror.org/02dgjyy92","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145608581"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Abdel-Mottaleb","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA","Univ. of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145608581"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145608581"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6104,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8408776,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11866","display_name":"Reconstructive Facial Surgery Techniques","score":0.9459999799728394,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.7789223790168762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.7124201655387878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6717935800552368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6440987586975098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6303260922431946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.5749728679656982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.510964035987854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.506320595741272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram-of-oriented-gradients","display_name":"Histogram of oriented gradients","score":0.41037964820861816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3955039381980896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.23813298344612122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08139070868492126}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.7789223790168762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.7124201655387878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6717935800552368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6440987586975098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6303260922431946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.5749728679656982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.510964035987854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.506320595741272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17426736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419918","display_name":"Histogram of oriented gradients","level":4,"score":0.41037964820861816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3955039381980896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.23813298344612122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08139070868492126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icb.2013.6612995","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icb.2013.6612995","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 International Conference on Biometrics (ICB)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6100000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","display_name":"Gender equality"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W396735907","https://openalex.org/W1495691011","https://openalex.org/W1994529670","https://openalex.org/W1995825682","https://openalex.org/W2080338864","https://openalex.org/W2093309892","https://openalex.org/W2100278244","https://openalex.org/W2132559658","https://openalex.org/W2149244199","https://openalex.org/W2162411291","https://openalex.org/W2167550639","https://openalex.org/W2170414574","https://openalex.org/W2532478580","https://openalex.org/W6629590426","https://openalex.org/W6675110572","https://openalex.org/W6728881802"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2562641072","https://openalex.org/W2792738234","https://openalex.org/W2071599417","https://openalex.org/W2048716406","https://openalex.org/W1870444468","https://openalex.org/W2979608518","https://openalex.org/W1964725559","https://openalex.org/W2767833206","https://openalex.org/W3109748140","https://openalex.org/W2045053268"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Gender":[0],"classification":[1,36,97,109],"received":[2],"attention":[3],"due":[4],"to":[5,104],"its":[6],"use":[7,80],"in":[8],"many":[9],"applications.":[10],"In":[11],"this":[12],"paper,":[13],"the":[14,18,22,31,55,79,105,117,121],"potential":[15],"of":[16,21,57,81,83,99,120],"using":[17,45],"3D":[19,38,118],"shape":[20,119],"ear":[23,39,112,122],"for":[24,34,107],"gender":[25,35,108,125],"recognition":[26],"is":[27,76,102],"established.":[28],"We":[29],"demonstrate":[30],"first":[32],"attempt":[33],"from":[37,110],"data":[40],"and":[41,48,64,72,114],"evaluate":[42],"different":[43],"algorithms":[44],"automatically":[46],"detected":[47],"aligned":[49],"ears.":[50],"Experiments":[51],"were":[52],"conducted":[53],"on":[54],"University":[56],"Notre":[58],"Dame":[59],"(UND)":[60],"database":[61],"collections":[62],"F":[63],"J2":[65],"which":[66,101],"contain":[67],"images":[68],"with":[69,89],"large":[70],"occlusion":[71],"pose":[73],"variations.":[74],"It":[75],"observed":[77],"that":[78,116],"Histogram":[82],"Indexed":[84],"Shapes":[85],"(HIS)":[86],"feature":[87],"along":[88],"Support":[90],"Vector":[91],"Machine":[92],"(SVM)":[93],"yields":[94],"an":[95],"average":[96],"accuracy":[98],"92.94%,":[100],"superior":[103],"state-of-the-art":[106],"2D":[111],"images,":[113],"shows":[115],"comprises":[123],"rich":[124],"information.":[126]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}