{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2033291679","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icb.2012.6199790","title":"Periocular recognition: Analysis of performance degradation factors","display_name":"Periocular recognition: Analysis of performance degradation factors","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2033291679","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icb.2012.6199790","mag":"2033291679"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icb.2012.6199790","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icb.2012.6199790","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 5th IAPR International Conference on Biometrics (ICB)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004806184","display_name":"Chandrashekhar N. Padole","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161321875","display_name":"University of Beira Interior","ror":"https://ror.org/03nf36p02","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161321875"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120471","display_name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es","ror":"https://ror.org/02ht4fk33","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chandrashekhar N. Padole","raw_affiliation_strings":["IT: Instituto de Telecomunicacoes, University of Beira Interior, Covilha, Portugal","IT-Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, University of Beira Interior, Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IT: Instituto de Telecomunicacoes, University of Beira Interior, Covilha, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161321875","https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IT-Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, University of Beira Interior, Covilh\u00e3, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161321875","https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090305015","display_name":"Hugo Proen\u00e7a","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2551-8570"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161321875","display_name":"University of Beira Interior","ror":"https://ror.org/03nf36p02","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161321875"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120471","display_name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es","ror":"https://ror.org/02ht4fk33","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hugo Proenca","raw_affiliation_strings":["IT: Instituto de Telecomunicacoes, University of Beira Interior, Covilha, Portugal","IT-Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, University of Beira Interior, Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IT: Instituto de Telecomunicacoes, University of Beira Interior, Covilha, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161321875","https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IT-Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, University of Beira Interior, Covilh\u00e3, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161321875","https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.1921,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":145,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97761336,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"439","last_page":"445"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.963699996471405,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/initialization","display_name":"Initialization","score":0.9067907929420471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.8593000173568726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8058173060417175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iris-recognition","display_name":"Iris recognition","score":0.7420427203178406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6265995502471924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fingerprint","display_name":"Fingerprint (computing)","score":0.6238301396369934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.5927497148513794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.5770329236984253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5420371890068054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5088458061218262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/degradation","display_name":"Degradation (telecommunications)","score":0.4835500419139862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iris","display_name":"IRIS (biosensor)","score":0.47908955812454224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fingerprint-recognition","display_name":"Fingerprint recognition","score":0.4779255986213684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variation","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","score":0.433504581451416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.4173167049884796}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114466953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6034165","display_name":"Initialization","level":2,"score":0.9067907929420471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.8593000173568726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8058173060417175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112356035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1672722","display_name":"Iris recognition","level":3,"score":0.7420427203178406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6265995502471924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777826928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3745713","display_name":"Fingerprint (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6238301396369934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5927497148513794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.5770329236984253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5420371890068054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5088458061218262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779679103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5251805","display_name":"Degradation (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.4835500419139862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779503344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5973514","display_name":"IRIS (biosensor)","level":3,"score":0.47908955812454224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168406668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178022","display_name":"Fingerprint recognition","level":3,"score":0.4779255986213684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778334786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1586270","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.433504581451416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.4173167049884796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icb.2012.6199790","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icb.2012.6199790","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 5th IAPR International Conference on Biometrics (ICB)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.1033.2628","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.1033.2628","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.di.ubi.pt/%7Ehugomcp/doc/ICB12.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4300000071525574,"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1585588639","https://openalex.org/W1967879027","https://openalex.org/W2027335291","https://openalex.org/W2035228828","https://openalex.org/W2039051707","https://openalex.org/W2046363460","https://openalex.org/W2048518067","https://openalex.org/W2049313567","https://openalex.org/W2057961664","https://openalex.org/W2060115110","https://openalex.org/W2082821437","https://openalex.org/W2113465366","https://openalex.org/W2134794961","https://openalex.org/W2145157140","https://openalex.org/W2149382413","https://openalex.org/W2151103935","https://openalex.org/W2152690956","https://openalex.org/W2169096120","https://openalex.org/W6659533138"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2098137806","https://openalex.org/W307270619","https://openalex.org/W2752379532","https://openalex.org/W2134763230","https://openalex.org/W2563844149","https://openalex.org/W2128322955","https://openalex.org/W3174371262","https://openalex.org/W2192243216","https://openalex.org/W4379530703","https://openalex.org/W4246713025"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Among":[0],"the":[1,20,50,76,83,96,99,105,127],"available":[2],"biometric":[3],"traits":[4],"such":[5],"as":[6,34],"face,":[7],"iris":[8,37],"and":[9,31,70],"fingerprint,":[10],"there":[11],"is":[12,32],"an":[13],"active":[14],"research":[15],"being":[16],"carried":[17],"out":[18],"in":[19,59],"direction":[21],"of":[22,42,52,61,78,85,98,108],"unconstrained":[23],"biometrics.":[24],"Periocular":[25],"recognition":[26,80],"has":[27,56],"proved":[28],"its":[29],"effectiveness":[30],"regarded":[33],"complementary":[35],"to":[36,48,65,74,126],"recognition.":[38],"The":[39],"main":[40],"objectives":[41],"this":[43,121],"paper":[44],"are":[45],"three-fold:":[46],"1)":[47],"announce":[49],"availability":[51],"periocular":[53,79,100],"dataset,":[54],"which":[55],"a":[57,91],"variability":[58],"terms":[60],"scale":[62],"change":[63],"(due":[64],"camera-subject":[66],"distance),":[67],"pose":[68],"variation":[69],"non-uniform":[71],"illumination;":[72],"2)":[73],"investigate":[75],"performance":[77,115],"methods":[81],"with":[82],"presence":[84],"various":[86],"degradation":[87],"factors;":[88],"3)":[89],"propose":[90],"new":[92],"initialization":[93,122],"strategy":[94],"for":[95],"definition":[97],"region-of-interest":[101],"(ROI),":[102],"based":[103],"on":[104],"geometric":[106],"mean":[107],"eye":[109],"corners.":[110],"Our":[111],"experiments":[112],"confirm":[113],"that":[114],"can":[116],"be":[117],"consistently":[118],"improved":[119],"by":[120],"method,":[123],"when":[124],"compared":[125],"classical":[128],"technique.":[129]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
