{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408356096","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp49660.2025.10889762","title":"CTGDiff: A Conditional Diffusion Model for Cardiotocography Signal Synthesis","display_name":"CTGDiff: A Conditional Diffusion Model for Cardiotocography Signal Synthesis","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408356096","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp49660.2025.10889762"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp49660.2025.10889762","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp49660.2025.10889762","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICASSP 2025 - 2025 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114183697","display_name":"Xiaoqing Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152380","display_name":"Shenzhen Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzpec27","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152380"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoqing Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen Technology University,College of Big Data and Internet,Shenzhen,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Technology University,College of Big Data and Internet,Shenzhen,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152380"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111299126","display_name":"Pufan Cai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152380","display_name":"Shenzhen Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzpec27","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152380"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pufan Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen Technology University,College of Big Data and Internet,Shenzhen,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Technology University,College of Big Data and Internet,Shenzhen,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152380"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063621364","display_name":"Yu Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7799-9794"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152380","display_name":"Shenzhen Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzpec27","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152380"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen Technology University,College of Big Data and Internet,Shenzhen,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Technology University,College of Big Data and Internet,Shenzhen,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152380"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101785947","display_name":"Shijie Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6586-3806"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152380","display_name":"Shenzhen Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzpec27","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152380"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shijie Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen Technology University,College of Big Data and Internet,Shenzhen,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Technology University,College of Big Data and Internet,Shenzhen,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152380"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000671485","display_name":"Liangkun Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5758-0198"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200296433","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/02drdmm93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200296433"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801228662","display_name":"Peking Union Medical College Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04jztag35","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801228662"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liangkun Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peking Union Medical College Hospital,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Beijing,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking Union Medical College Hospital,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200296433","https://openalex.org/I2801228662"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037794437","display_name":"Xianghua Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4431-3386"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152380","display_name":"Shenzhen Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzpec27","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152380"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xianghua Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen Technology University,College of Big Data and Internet,Shenzhen,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Technology University,College of Big Data and Internet,Shenzhen,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152380"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.1243,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93745901,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10745","display_name":"Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control","score":0.6614000201225281,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10745","display_name":"Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control","score":0.6614000201225281,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12139","display_name":"Advanced Thermodynamic Systems and Engines","score":0.564300000667572,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11236","display_name":"Control Systems and Identification","score":0.5430999994277954,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiotocography","display_name":"Cardiotocography","score":0.7754510641098022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6155487895011902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diffusion","display_name":"Diffusion","score":0.584168553352356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.4866112172603607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermodynamics","display_name":"Thermodynamics","score":0.08899271488189697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pregnancy","display_name":"Pregnancy","score":0.08893784880638123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.08210253715515137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07859247922897339}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776046940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q886292","display_name":"Cardiotocography","level":4,"score":0.7754510641098022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6155487895011902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69357855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163214","display_name":"Diffusion","level":2,"score":0.584168553352356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4866112172603607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.08899271488189697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779234561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11995","display_name":"Pregnancy","level":2,"score":0.08893784880638123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.08210253715515137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07859247922897339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172680121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26513","display_name":"Fetus","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp49660.2025.10889762","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp49660.2025.10889762","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICASSP 2025 - 2025 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.5299999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325571","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337572","display_name":"Engineering Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03v61g875"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2101222964","https://openalex.org/W2171630164","https://openalex.org/W2741907166","https://openalex.org/W2898664946","https://openalex.org/W2949252445","https://openalex.org/W2964268978","https://openalex.org/W2965982242","https://openalex.org/W3125663108","https://openalex.org/W3173816126","https://openalex.org/W3189706220","https://openalex.org/W4205182583","https://openalex.org/W4210305643","https://openalex.org/W4310720051","https://openalex.org/W4312933868","https://openalex.org/W4384788104","https://openalex.org/W4385376975","https://openalex.org/W4387966910","https://openalex.org/W4391116420","https://openalex.org/W4393085940","https://openalex.org/W4393216690","https://openalex.org/W4395084382","https://openalex.org/W4401816966","https://openalex.org/W4402353575","https://openalex.org/W4404785853","https://openalex.org/W4406458564","https://openalex.org/W6675357634","https://openalex.org/W6735913928","https://openalex.org/W6765333426","https://openalex.org/W6783182287","https://openalex.org/W6853986488"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2126947698","https://openalex.org/W3031251006","https://openalex.org/W4389075335","https://openalex.org/W2098718172","https://openalex.org/W2111296261","https://openalex.org/W2406144859","https://openalex.org/W2161431876"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"analysis":[1],"of":[2,24,179,186],"Cardiotocography":[3],"(CTG)":[4],"signals":[5,165],"is":[6],"often":[7],"hindered":[8],"by":[9,126],"challenges":[10],"such":[11,128],"as":[12,63,124,129],"limited":[13],"data":[14],"availability":[15],"and":[16,48,61,68,77,88,95,110,119,147,162,197],"label":[17],"imbalance,":[18],"which":[19],"can":[20,158],"undermine":[21],"the":[22,98,156,177],"performance":[23],"deep":[25],"learning":[26],"models.":[27],"To":[28],"address":[29],"these":[30],"issues,":[31],"we":[32],"present":[33],"CTGDiff,":[34],"a":[35,130,183],"novel":[36],"conditional":[37],"diffusion":[38,112,180],"model":[39,157],"designed":[40],"for":[41,66,122,182],"generating":[42],"synthetic":[43],"Fetal":[44],"Heart":[45],"Rate":[46],"(FHR)":[47],"Uterine":[49],"Contraction":[50],"(UC)":[51],"signals.":[52,105],"CTGDiff":[53,114],"leverages":[54],"both":[55,85,93,160],"Phase-Rectified":[56],"Signal":[57],"Averaging":[58],"(PRSA)":[59],"spectrograms":[60],"UC":[62],"conditioning":[64],"inputs":[65],"FHR,":[67,123],"integrates":[69],"time":[70,190],"encoding,":[71],"condition":[72],"generation":[73],"from":[74],"PRSA":[75],"features,":[76],"residual":[78],"blocks":[79],"with":[80,108,166],"dilated":[81],"convolutions":[82],"to":[83,101],"capture":[84],"temporal":[86],"dynamics":[87],"long-range":[89],"dependencies.":[90],"Extensive":[91],"experiments,":[92],"qualitative":[94],"quantitative,":[96],"demonstrate":[97],"model\u2019s":[99],"ability":[100],"synthesize":[102],"high-quality":[103],"CTG":[104,164],"In":[106],"comparison":[107],"GANs":[109],"image-based":[111],"models,":[113],"achieves":[115],"superior":[116],"signal":[117,194],"fidelity":[118],"distribution":[120],"similarity":[121],"indicated":[125],"metrics":[127],"0.004":[131],"maximum":[132],"mean":[133,139],"deviation":[134],"(MMD),":[135],"0.646":[136],"percent":[137],"root":[138],"square":[140],"difference":[141],"(PRD),":[142],"3.951":[143],"relative":[144],"entropy":[145],"(RE),":[146],"0.291":[148],"Frechet":[149],"distance":[150],"(FD).":[151],"Expert":[152],"evaluations":[153],"confirm":[154],"that":[155],"generate":[159],"normal":[161],"abnormal":[163],"high":[167],"accuracy,":[168],"conditioned":[169],"on":[170],"specific":[171],"input":[172],"data.":[173],"These":[174],"results":[175],"underscore":[176],"potential":[178],"models":[181],"wide":[184],"range":[185],"applications":[187],"in":[188],"biomedical":[189],"series":[191],"analysis,":[192],"including":[193],"synthesis,":[195],"imputation,":[196],"noise":[198],"reduction.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
