{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4372260172","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp49357.2023.10097174","title":"Leveraging Sparsity with Spiking Recurrent Neural Networks for Energy-Efficient Keyword Spotting","display_name":"Leveraging Sparsity with Spiking Recurrent Neural Networks for Energy-Efficient Keyword Spotting","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4372260172","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp49357.2023.10097174"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp49357.2023.10097174","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp49357.2023.10097174","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICASSP 2023 - 2023 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04149763/document","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047954191","display_name":"Manon Dampfhoffer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2622-3101"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2738703131","display_name":"Commissariat \u00e0 l'\u00c9nergie Atomique et aux \u00c9nergies Alternatives","ror":"https://ror.org/00jjx8s55","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3020098449","display_name":"CEA Grenoble","ror":"https://ror.org/02mg6n827","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I3020098449"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I899635006","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes","ror":"https://ror.org/02rx3b187","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I899635006"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135251","display_name":"Spintronique et Technologie des Composants","ror":"https://ror.org/03e044190","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106785703","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I4210091409","https://openalex.org/I4210098836","https://openalex.org/I4210113668","https://openalex.org/I4210135251","https://openalex.org/I899635006","https://openalex.org/I899635006"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Manon Dampfhoffer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. Grenoble Alpes,Cea, Cnrs, Grenoble Inp, Inac-Spintec,Grenoble,France,38000","LSTA - Laboratoire Syst\u00e8mes-sur-puce et Technologies Avanc\u00e9es (CEA-Grenoble - France)","SPINTEC - SPINtronique et TEchnologie des Composants (Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble\r\nCEA-Grenoble\r\n17, avenue des Martyrs \r\n38054 GRENOBLE CEDEX 9 - France)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. Grenoble Alpes,Cea, Cnrs, Grenoble Inp, Inac-Spintec,Grenoble,France,38000","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135251","https://openalex.org/I899635006"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"LSTA - Laboratoire Syst\u00e8mes-sur-puce et Technologies Avanc\u00e9es (CEA-Grenoble - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3020098449","https://openalex.org/I2738703131"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SPINTEC - SPINtronique et TEchnologie des Composants (Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble\r\nCEA-Grenoble\r\n17, avenue des Martyrs \r\n38054 GRENOBLE CEDEX 9 - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3020098449","https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I4210135251"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055024908","display_name":"Thomas Mesquida","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2572-5353"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I899635006","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes","ror":"https://ror.org/02rx3b187","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I899635006"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Mesquida","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. Grenoble Alpes,Cea, List,Grenoble,France,F-38000"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. Grenoble Alpes,Cea, List,Grenoble,France,F-38000","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I899635006"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010860677","display_name":"Emmanuel Hardy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9208-1674"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I899635006","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes","ror":"https://ror.org/02rx3b187","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I899635006"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emmanuel Hardy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. Grenoble Alpes,Cea, Leti,Grenoble,France,F-38000"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. Grenoble Alpes,Cea, Leti,Grenoble,France,F-38000","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I899635006"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079482442","display_name":"Alexandre Valentian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4319-6563"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I899635006","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes","ror":"https://ror.org/02rx3b187","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I899635006"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexandre Valentian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. Grenoble Alpes,Cea, List,Grenoble,France,F-38000"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. Grenoble Alpes,Cea, List,Grenoble,France,F-38000","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I899635006"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053835664","display_name":"Lorena Anghel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9569-0072"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135251","display_name":"Spintronique et Technologie des Composants","ror":"https://ror.org/03e044190","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106785703","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I4210091409","https://openalex.org/I4210098836","https://openalex.org/I4210113668","https://openalex.org/I4210135251","https://openalex.org/I899635006","https://openalex.org/I899635006"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I899635006","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes","ror":"https://ror.org/02rx3b187","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I899635006"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3020098449","display_name":"CEA Grenoble","ror":"https://ror.org/02mg6n827","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I3020098449"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2738703131","display_name":"Commissariat \u00e0 l'\u00c9nergie Atomique et aux \u00c9nergies Alternatives","ror":"https://ror.org/00jjx8s55","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lorena Anghel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. Grenoble Alpes,Cea, Cnrs, Grenoble Inp, Inac-Spintec,Grenoble,France,38000","SPINTEC - SPINtronique et TEchnologie des Composants (Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble\r\nCEA-Grenoble\r\n17, avenue des Martyrs \r\n38054 GRENOBLE CEDEX 9 - France)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. Grenoble Alpes,Cea, Cnrs, Grenoble Inp, Inac-Spintec,Grenoble,France,38000","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135251","https://openalex.org/I899635006"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SPINTEC - SPINtronique et TEchnologie des Composants (Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble\r\nCEA-Grenoble\r\n17, avenue des Martyrs \r\n38054 GRENOBLE CEDEX 9 - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3020098449","https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I4210135251"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047954191"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I3020098449","https://openalex.org/I4210135251","https://openalex.org/I899635006"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.0435,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96339559,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9860000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9860000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13083","display_name":"Advanced Text Analysis Techniques","score":0.9815999865531921,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9775999784469604,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/keyword-spotting","display_name":"Keyword spotting","score":0.9131176471710205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7932697534561157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spotting","display_name":"Spotting","score":0.7682082056999207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5231298804283142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spiking-neural-network","display_name":"Spiking neural network","score":0.5141108632087708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.44449248909950256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.4184940457344055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.055540114641189575}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781213101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6398558","display_name":"Keyword spotting","level":2,"score":0.9131176471710205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7932697534561157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779506182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7580141","display_name":"Spotting","level":2,"score":0.7682082056999207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5231298804283142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11731999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9067355","display_name":"Spiking neural network","level":3,"score":0.5141108632087708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.44449248909950256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4184940457344055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.055540114641189575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp49357.2023.10097174","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp49357.2023.10097174","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICASSP 2023 - 2023 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-04149763v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04149763","pdf_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04149763/document","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP 2023), Jun 2023, Ixia-Ialyssos, Greece. ⟨10.1109/ICASSP49357.2023.10097174⟩","raw_type":"Conference papers"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-04149763v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04149763","pdf_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04149763/document","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP 2023), Jun 2023, Ixia-Ialyssos, Greece. ⟨10.1109/ICASSP49357.2023.10097174⟩","raw_type":"Conference papers"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4372260172.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1999085092","https://openalex.org/W2157331557","https://openalex.org/W2769912137","https://openalex.org/W2788415486","https://openalex.org/W2797583228","https://openalex.org/W2936774411","https://openalex.org/W2963628261","https://openalex.org/W2984844508","https://openalex.org/W3015878284","https://openalex.org/W3095212293","https://openalex.org/W3110073026","https://openalex.org/W3135783778","https://openalex.org/W3139657805","https://openalex.org/W4206567542","https://openalex.org/W4224916731","https://openalex.org/W4294967883","https://openalex.org/W4307438232","https://openalex.org/W6746451879","https://openalex.org/W6750665317","https://openalex.org/W6846350842"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2918559346","https://openalex.org/W2114097550","https://openalex.org/W4286904253","https://openalex.org/W3119978414","https://openalex.org/W2516975559","https://openalex.org/W3206647229","https://openalex.org/W1969408022","https://openalex.org/W2000885660","https://openalex.org/W2545741539","https://openalex.org/W1989658893"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Bio-inspired":[0],"Spiking":[1],"Neural":[2,12],"Networks":[3,13],"(SNNs)":[4],"are":[5],"promising":[6],"candidates":[7],"to":[8,108,127],"replace":[9],"standard":[10,40],"Artificial":[11],"(ANNs)":[14],"for":[15,101],"energy-efficient":[16],"keyword":[17],"spotting":[18],"(KWS)":[19],"systems.":[20],"In":[21],"this":[22],"work,":[23],"we":[24],"compare":[25],"the":[26,46,60,65,121],"trade-off":[27],"between":[28],"accuracy":[29,68,116],"and":[30,69],"energy-efficiency":[31,70],"of":[32,59,64,123],"a":[33,39],"gated":[34],"recurrent":[35],"SNN":[36],"(Spik-GRU)":[37],"with":[38,106],"Gated":[41],"Recurrent":[42],"Unit":[43],"(GRU)":[44],"on":[45,103],"Google":[47],"Speech":[48],"Command":[49],"Dataset":[50],"(GSCD)":[51],"v2.":[52],"We":[53,97],"show":[54],"that,":[55],"by":[56,77,85,125],"taking":[57],"advantage":[58],"sparse":[61],"spiking":[62,79,86],"activity":[63],"SNN,":[66],"both":[67],"can":[71,93,113],"be":[72],"increased.":[73],"Lever-aging":[74],"data":[75],"sparsity":[76],"using":[78],"inputs,":[80],"such":[81],"as":[82],"those":[83],"produced":[84],"audio":[87],"feature":[88],"extractors":[89],"or":[90],"dynamic":[91],"sensors,":[92],"further":[94],"improve":[95],"energy-efficiency.":[96],"demonstrate":[98],"state-of-the-art":[99],"results":[100],"SNNs":[102],"GSCD":[104],"v2":[105],"up":[107,126],"95.9%":[109],"accuracy.":[110],"Moreover,":[111],"SpikGRU":[112],"achieve":[114],"similar":[115],"than":[117],"GRU":[118],"while":[119],"reducing":[120],"number":[122],"operations":[124],"82%.":[128]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-11T14:59:36.786465","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}