{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4375868854","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp49357.2023.10096817","title":"TSPTQ-ViT: Two-Scaled Post-Training Quantization for Vision Transformer","display_name":"TSPTQ-ViT: Two-Scaled Post-Training Quantization for Vision Transformer","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4375868854","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp49357.2023.10096817"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp49357.2023.10096817","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp49357.2023.10096817","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICASSP 2023 - 2023 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009835161","display_name":"Yu-Shan Tai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu-Shan Tai","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Taiwan University,Graduate Institute of Electrical Engineering,Taipei,Taiwan","Graduate Institute of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Taiwan University,Graduate Institute of Electrical Engineering,Taipei,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Institute of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055590565","display_name":"Ming-Guang Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7748-1189"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming-Guang Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Taiwan University,Graduate Institute of Electrical Engineering,Taipei,Taiwan","Graduate Institute of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Taiwan University,Graduate Institute of Electrical Engineering,Taipei,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Institute of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109465340","display_name":"An-Yeu Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4731-8633"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"An-Yeu Andy Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Taiwan University,Graduate Institute of Electrical Engineering,Taipei,Taiwan","Graduate Institute of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Taiwan University,Graduate Institute of Electrical Engineering,Taipei,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Institute of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/softmax-function","display_name":"Softmax function","score":0.8027164340019226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantization","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","score":0.6978713274002075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6573027968406677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.6182869672775269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scaling","display_name":"Scaling","score":0.5644947290420532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.5545024871826172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outlier","display_name":"Outlier","score":0.47449633479118347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.44079622626304626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-device","display_name":"Edge device","score":0.412982314825058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3838151693344116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.29097044467926025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.17568913102149963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15104112029075623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.1047791838645935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.0949486792087555}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188441871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554146","display_name":"Softmax function","level":3,"score":0.8027164340019226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28855332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198099","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.6978713274002075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6573027968406677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.6182869672775269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99844830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102441924","display_name":"Scaling","level":2,"score":0.5644947290420532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5545024871826172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79337645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q779824","display_name":"Outlier","level":2,"score":0.47449633479118347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.44079622626304626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.412982314825058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3838151693344116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.29097044467926025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.17568913102149963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15104112029075623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.1047791838645935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0949486792087555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp49357.2023.10096817","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp49357.2023.10096817","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICASSP 2023 - 2023 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309618","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02b207r52"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326444","display_name":"Nova","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W569478347","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2469490737","https://openalex.org/W2886851211","https://openalex.org/W2963521187","https://openalex.org/W3004061291","https://openalex.org/W3091421838","https://openalex.org/W3092502001","https://openalex.org/W3096609285","https://openalex.org/W3138516171","https://openalex.org/W3157993436","https://openalex.org/W3170233084","https://openalex.org/W3170841864","https://openalex.org/W3170874841","https://openalex.org/W3206875170","https://openalex.org/W3211787299","https://openalex.org/W3213982839","https://openalex.org/W3215741372","https://openalex.org/W3216998657","https://openalex.org/W4226174177","https://openalex.org/W4226339979","https://openalex.org/W4308075493","https://openalex.org/W4309125142","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W6677580257","https://openalex.org/W6720242923","https://openalex.org/W6755207826","https://openalex.org/W6795891359","https://openalex.org/W6797854001"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3107204728","https://openalex.org/W4287591324","https://openalex.org/W3108503355","https://openalex.org/W3090555870","https://openalex.org/W4226420367","https://openalex.org/W2962876041","https://openalex.org/W3022820045","https://openalex.org/W2801655600","https://openalex.org/W4386245174","https://openalex.org/W4200132709"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Vision":[0],"transformers":[1],"(ViTs)":[2],"have":[3],"achieved":[4],"remarkable":[5],"performance":[6],"in":[7,42,56,98],"various":[8],"computer":[9],"vision":[10,75],"tasks.":[11],"However,":[12],"intensive":[13],"memory":[14],"and":[15,34,63,90],"computation":[16],"requirements":[17],"impede":[18],"ViTs":[19,40],"from":[20,120],"running":[21],"on":[22,39,136],"resource-constrained":[23],"edge":[24],"devices.":[25],"Due":[26],"to":[27,50,101,114],"the":[28,52,60,80,95,106,117,128,137],"non-normally":[29],"distributed":[30],"values":[31],"after":[32],"Softmax":[33,89],"GeLU,":[35],"post-":[36,88],"training":[37],"quantization":[38,61,72],"results":[41,125],"severe":[43],"accuracy":[44,133],"degradation.":[45],"Moreover,":[46],"conventional":[47],"methods":[48,130],"fail":[49],"address":[51],"high":[53],"channel-wise":[54],"variance":[55],"LayerNorm.":[57],"To":[58],"reduce":[59],"loss":[62],"improve":[64],"classification":[65,139],"accuracy,":[66],"we":[67],"propose":[68],"a":[69],"two-scaled":[70,82,108],"post-training":[71],"scheme":[73],"for":[74,87],"transformer":[76],"(TSPTQ-ViT).":[77],"We":[78],"design":[79],"value-aware":[81],"scaling":[83,109],"factors":[84,110],"(V-2SF)":[85],"specialized":[86],"post-GeLU":[91],"values,":[92],"which":[93],"leverage":[94],"bit":[96],"sparsity":[97],"non-normal":[99],"distribution":[100],"save":[102],"bit-widths.":[103],"In":[104],"addition,":[105],"outlier-aware":[107],"(O-2SF)":[111],"are":[112],"introduced":[113],"LayerNorm,":[115],"alleviating":[116],"dominant":[118],"impacts":[119],"outlier":[121],"values.":[122],"Our":[123],"experimental":[124],"show":[126],"that":[127],"proposed":[129],"reach":[131],"near-lossless":[132],"drops":[134],"(<0.5%)":[135],"ImageNet":[138],"task":[140],"under":[141],"8-bit":[142],"fully":[143],"quantized":[144],"ViTs.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
