{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4375869304","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp49357.2023.10096564","title":"Classification via Subspace Learning Machine (SLM): Methodology and Performance Evaluation","display_name":"Classification via Subspace Learning Machine (SLM): Methodology and Performance Evaluation","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4375869304","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp49357.2023.10096564"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp49357.2023.10096564","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icassp49357.2023.10096564","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICASSP 2023 - 2023 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103256370","display_name":"Hongyu Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4774-822X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hongyu Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern California,Los Angeles,California,USA","University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California,Los Angeles,California,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060735481","display_name":"Yijing Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4197-2570"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yijing Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern California,Los Angeles,California,USA","University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California,Los Angeles,California,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012446955","display_name":"Vinod K. Mishra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9432-9082"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166416128","display_name":"DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/011hc8f90","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I166416128","https://openalex.org/I2802705668","https://openalex.org/I4210154437"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vinod K. Mishra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aberdeen Proving Ground,Army Research Laboratory,Maryland,USA","Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aberdeen Proving Ground,Army Research Laboratory,Maryland,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166416128"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166416128"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001082656","display_name":"C.\u2010C. Jay Kuo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9474-5035"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C.-C. Jay Kuo","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern California,Los Angeles,California,USA","University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California,Los Angeles,California,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103256370"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0127,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8036718,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12676","display_name":"Machine Learning and ELM","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12676","display_name":"Machine Learning and ELM","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9848999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subspace-topology","display_name":"Subspace topology","score":0.7358517050743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-subspace","display_name":"Linear subspace","score":0.7025242447853088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6433054208755493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.544596791267395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5276699662208557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/partition","display_name":"Partition (number theory)","score":0.484623521566391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.45382770895957947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-tree","display_name":"Decision tree","score":0.4199875593185425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminant","display_name":"Discriminant","score":0.4116232991218567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3332357704639435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3212123215198517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.20213663578033447}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32834561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660730","display_name":"Subspace topology","level":2,"score":0.7358517050743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12362212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q728435","display_name":"Linear subspace","level":2,"score":0.7025242447853088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6433054208755493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.544596791267395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5276699662208557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1082910","display_name":"Partition (number theory)","level":2,"score":0.484623521566391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.45382770895957947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366","display_name":"Decision tree","level":2,"score":0.4199875593185425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78397625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192487","display_name":"Discriminant","level":2,"score":0.4116232991218567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3332357704639435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3212123215198517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.20213663578033447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp49357.2023.10096564","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icassp49357.2023.10096564","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICASSP 2023 - 2023 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5699999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"score":0.4099999964237213,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316514","display_name":"Arm","ror":"https://ror.org/04mmhzs81"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1594031697","https://openalex.org/W1678356000","https://openalex.org/W1990938413","https://openalex.org/W2024060531","https://openalex.org/W2040870580","https://openalex.org/W2084792706","https://openalex.org/W2110179049","https://openalex.org/W2111072639","https://openalex.org/W2122040390","https://openalex.org/W2141695047","https://openalex.org/W2147800946","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2295598076","https://openalex.org/W2894843516","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2963882473","https://openalex.org/W2996816325","https://openalex.org/W3084258937","https://openalex.org/W3091383840","https://openalex.org/W3204801072","https://openalex.org/W3211347211","https://openalex.org/W3211983529","https://openalex.org/W4239510810","https://openalex.org/W4280581719","https://openalex.org/W4294292153","https://openalex.org/W4312097307","https://openalex.org/W4312249400","https://openalex.org/W4313148451","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4386012780","https://openalex.org/W4399647672","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6783102654","https://openalex.org/W6803527453","https://openalex.org/W6838448718","https://openalex.org/W6838829352","https://openalex.org/W6847490292","https://openalex.org/W6869608176"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2896134808","https://openalex.org/W3172436493","https://openalex.org/W4287164812","https://openalex.org/W2957492749","https://openalex.org/W1887135636","https://openalex.org/W2386063599","https://openalex.org/W1975884855","https://openalex.org/W3213150849","https://openalex.org/W4285605394","https://openalex.org/W2106235829"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Inspired":[0],"by":[1,38],"the":[2,19,40,63,74,101,110],"decision":[3,11],"learning":[4,21],"process":[5,87,112],"of":[6,43,51,123],"multilayer":[7],"per-ceptron":[8],"(MLP)":[9],"and":[10,61,114,142],"tree":[12],"(DT),":[13],"a":[14,32,104,119,128],"new":[15],"classification":[16],"model,":[17],"named":[18],"subspace":[20],"machine":[22],"(SLM),":[23],"is":[24,70,88],"proposed":[25],"in":[26,53],"this":[27],"work.":[28],"SLM":[29,98,124,139],"first":[30],"identifies":[31],"discriminant":[33,41],"subspace,":[34],"S<sup":[35,54],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[36,55,81],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">0</sup>,":[37],"examining":[39],"power":[42],"each":[44,92,115],"input":[45],"feature.":[46],"Then,":[47],"it":[48],"learns":[49],"projections":[50],"features":[52],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">0</sup>":[56],"to":[57,72,95],"yield":[58,79,127],"1D":[59],"subspaces":[60],"finds":[62],"optimal":[64],"partition":[65],"for":[66,135],"each.":[67],"A":[68],"criterion":[69],"developed":[71],"choose":[73],"best":[75],"q":[76],"partitions":[77],"that":[78],"2<sup":[80],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">q</sup>":[82],"partitioned":[83],"subspaces.":[84],"The":[85,121],"partitioning":[86,111],"recursively":[89],"applied":[90],"at":[91,103],"child":[93,105],"node":[94,106,117],"build":[96],"an":[97],"tree.":[99],"When":[100],"samples":[102],"are":[107,133],"sufficiently":[108],"pure,":[109],"stops,":[113],"leaf":[116],"makes":[118],"prediction.":[120],"ensembles":[122,141],"trees":[125],"can":[126],"stronger":[129],"predictor.":[130],"Extensive":[131],"experiments":[132],"conducted":[134],"performance":[136],"benchmarking":[137],"among":[138],"trees,":[140],"classical":[143],"classifiers.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-05T08:41:31.759640","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
