{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4375868820","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp49357.2023.10096525","title":"Interpretable, Unrolled Deep Radar Beampattern Design","display_name":"Interpretable, Unrolled Deep Radar Beampattern Design","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4375868820","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp49357.2023.10096525"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp49357.2023.10096525","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp49357.2023.10096525","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICASSP 2023 - 2023 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087732060","display_name":"Kareem Metwaly","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1052-6693"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kareem Metwaly","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pennsylvania State University,USA","Pennsylvania State University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pennsylvania State University,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pennsylvania State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026763795","display_name":"Junho Kweon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5714-6241"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junho Kweon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pennsylvania State University,USA","Pennsylvania State University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pennsylvania State University,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pennsylvania State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042694290","display_name":"Khaled Alhujaili","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9117-2486"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23075662","display_name":"Taibah University","ror":"https://ror.org/01xv1nn60","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23075662"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khaled Alhujaili","raw_affiliation_strings":["Taibah University,Saudi Arabia","Taibah University, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Taibah University,Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23075662"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Taibah University, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23075662"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075507631","display_name":"Maria Greco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3804-2949"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Greco","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pisa,Italy","University of Pisa, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pisa,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014201482","display_name":"Fulvio Gini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5362-7320"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fulvio Gini","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pisa,Italy","University of Pisa, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pisa,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014013504","display_name":"Vishal Monga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5100-2263"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vishal Monga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pennsylvania State University,USA","Pennsylvania State University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pennsylvania State University,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pennsylvania State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087732060"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0883,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90810986,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7418382167816162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.5668813586235046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5113763213157654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5097984671592712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.5064548254013062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gradient-descent","display_name":"Gradient descent","score":0.49796175956726074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.47187891602516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.4534270465373993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.45143750309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fidelity","display_name":"Fidelity","score":0.44533684849739075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.43586260080337524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iterative-method","display_name":"Iterative method","score":0.43403440713882446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","score":0.4120793044567108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveform","display_name":"Waveform","score":0.4110182821750641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1535014510154724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.10931432247161865}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7418382167816162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5668813586235046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5113763213157654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5097984671592712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5064548254013062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153258448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1199743","display_name":"Gradient descent","level":3,"score":0.49796175956726074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.47187891602516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.4534270465373993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.45143750309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776459999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2119376","display_name":"Fidelity","level":2,"score":0.44533684849739075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.43586260080337524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159694833","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2321565","display_name":"Iterative method","level":2,"score":0.43403440713882446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.4120793044567108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197424946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165717","display_name":"Waveform","level":3,"score":0.4110182821750641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1535014510154724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.10931432247161865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp49357.2023.10096525","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp49357.2023.10096525","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICASSP 2023 - 2023 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W65255600","https://openalex.org/W1996215314","https://openalex.org/W2059210598","https://openalex.org/W2101815503","https://openalex.org/W2104600236","https://openalex.org/W2109012875","https://openalex.org/W2118103795","https://openalex.org/W2129640939","https://openalex.org/W2273059432","https://openalex.org/W2324740189","https://openalex.org/W2494798456","https://openalex.org/W2586410079","https://openalex.org/W2639082558","https://openalex.org/W2804075771","https://openalex.org/W2885627765","https://openalex.org/W2945517207","https://openalex.org/W2946722229","https://openalex.org/W2972675027","https://openalex.org/W2998785217","https://openalex.org/W3036583150","https://openalex.org/W3100772943","https://openalex.org/W3133902371","https://openalex.org/W3175537283","https://openalex.org/W3197906200","https://openalex.org/W4289654500","https://openalex.org/W4312725970","https://openalex.org/W6677645113","https://openalex.org/W6738884980","https://openalex.org/W6756963044"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1974895211","https://openalex.org/W2129841057","https://openalex.org/W3040712279","https://openalex.org/W2176409448","https://openalex.org/W2364769705","https://openalex.org/W2056136368","https://openalex.org/W2381850946","https://openalex.org/W4380449851","https://openalex.org/W2374664672","https://openalex.org/W4367555392"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Optimizing":[0],"a":[1,14,24,40,50,63,77,94,113,123],"transmit":[2],"MIMO":[3],"radar":[4],"waveform":[5,58],"subject":[6],"to":[7,122,153,159],"the":[8,56,83,102,126,131,138,154,160],"non-convex":[9,132],"constant":[10,133],"modulus":[11,134],"constraint":[12],"remains":[13],"problem":[15],"of":[16,26],"enduring":[17],"interest.":[18],"The":[19],"past":[20],"decade":[21],"has":[22],"seen":[23],"variety":[25],"tailored":[27],"iterative":[28,37,96],"approaches":[29],"with":[30,148],"various":[31],"performance-complexity":[32],"trade-offs.":[33],"Despite":[34],"promising":[35],"work,":[36],"algorithms":[38],"have":[39],"speed":[41],"handicap":[42],"and":[43,66,80,107,111,142],"require":[44],"meticulous":[45],"parameter":[46],"tuning.":[47],"Once":[48],"trained,":[49],"deep":[51,89,114],"network":[52,115,128],"can":[53],"quickly":[54],"regress":[55],"desired":[57,155],"coefficients,":[59],"but":[60],"it":[61],"is":[62,73,120,145],"black":[64],"box":[65],"may":[67],"excel":[68],"only":[69],"when":[70],"generous":[71],"training":[72],"available.":[74],"We":[75,99],"present":[76],"fast,":[78],"learned,":[79],"-":[81,86],"for":[82],"first":[84],"time":[85],"interpretable":[87],"(FLI)":[88],"learning":[90],"approach":[91],"by":[92],"unrolling":[93],"state-of-the-art":[95,161],"optimization":[97],"approach.":[98],"particularly":[100],"leverage":[101],"recently":[103],"proposed":[104],"projection,":[105],"descent,":[106],"retraction":[108],"(PDR)":[109],"algorithm":[110],"design":[112],"where":[116],"each":[117],"PDR":[118],"step":[119],"mapped":[121],"layer":[124],"in":[125],"neural":[127],"while":[129],"preserving":[130],"constraint.":[135],"FLI":[136],"breaks":[137],"trade-off":[139],"between":[140],"complexity":[141],"performance.":[143],"It":[144],"near":[146],"real-time":[147],"boosted":[149],"performance":[150],"\u2013":[151,157],"fidelity":[152],"beampattern":[156],"compared":[158],"alternatives.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}