{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4372266918","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp49357.2023.10096360","title":"Structural Optimization of Factor Graphs for Symbol Detection via Continuous Clustering and Machine Learning","display_name":"Structural Optimization of Factor Graphs for Symbol Detection via Continuous Clustering and Machine Learning","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4372266918","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp49357.2023.10096360"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp49357.2023.10096360","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icassp49357.2023.10096360","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICASSP 2023 - 2023 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077839299","display_name":"Lukas Rapp","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2746-2187"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lukas Rapp","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT),Communications Engineering Lab,Karlsruhe,Germany","Communications Engineering Lab, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT),Communications Engineering Lab,Karlsruhe,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communications Engineering Lab, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047833670","display_name":"Luca Schmid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1236-5253"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luca Schmid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT),Communications Engineering Lab,Karlsruhe,Germany","Communications Engineering Lab, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT),Communications Engineering Lab,Karlsruhe,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communications Engineering Lab, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002991744","display_name":"Andrej Rode","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6101-7485"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrej Rode","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT),Communications Engineering Lab,Karlsruhe,Germany","Communications Engineering Lab, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT),Communications Engineering Lab,Karlsruhe,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communications Engineering Lab, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065580698","display_name":"Laurent Schmalen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laurent Schmalen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT),Communications Engineering Lab,Karlsruhe,Germany","Communications Engineering Lab, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT),Communications Engineering Lab,Karlsruhe,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communications Engineering Lab, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.04882225,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11303","display_name":"Bayesian Modeling and Causal Inference","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10222","display_name":"Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics","score":0.9896000027656555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/factor-graph","display_name":"Factor graph","score":0.933750331401825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6351298093795776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.6131770610809326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/belief-propagation","display_name":"Belief propagation","score":0.5471422672271729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.5220375061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.4787673056125641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.44956135749816895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-a-posteriori-estimation","display_name":"Maximum a posteriori estimation","score":0.44881126284599304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symbol","display_name":"Symbol (formal)","score":0.43590715527534485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.43496984243392944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3793867230415344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.30487048625946045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.21790647506713867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.11176750063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-likelihood","display_name":"Maximum likelihood","score":0.0752042829990387}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159246509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428725","display_name":"Factor graph","level":3,"score":0.933750331401825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6351298093795776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.6131770610809326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152948882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4060686","display_name":"Belief propagation","level":3,"score":0.5471422672271729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.5220375061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.4787673056125641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.44956135749816895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9810830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q635384","display_name":"Maximum a posteriori estimation","level":3,"score":0.44881126284599304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134400042","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2372244","display_name":"Symbol (formal)","level":2,"score":0.43590715527534485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.43496984243392944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3793867230415344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.30487048625946045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21790647506713867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.11176750063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49781872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1045555","display_name":"Maximum likelihood","level":2,"score":0.0752042829990387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp49357.2023.10096360","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icassp49357.2023.10096360","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICASSP 2023 - 2023 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311649","display_name":"Ministry of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/036nq5137"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334678","display_name":"European Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0472cxd90"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1511986666","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W2097696373","https://openalex.org/W2113518159","https://openalex.org/W2137813581","https://openalex.org/W2147071755","https://openalex.org/W2150859678","https://openalex.org/W2158514560","https://openalex.org/W2963408536","https://openalex.org/W2963561542","https://openalex.org/W2964121960","https://openalex.org/W2976077638","https://openalex.org/W3105371711","https://openalex.org/W3112330636","https://openalex.org/W3143263092","https://openalex.org/W3162043200","https://openalex.org/W4285512363","https://openalex.org/W4288388634","https://openalex.org/W4297094427","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6682042226"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3152713649","https://openalex.org/W3009052662","https://openalex.org/W26187695","https://openalex.org/W2122977448","https://openalex.org/W2124250880","https://openalex.org/W2114758843","https://openalex.org/W2150312244","https://openalex.org/W4301665663","https://openalex.org/W1981023414","https://openalex.org/W2143515091"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"propose":[1],"a":[2,87,117],"novel":[3],"method":[4],"to":[5,36,57],"optimize":[6,63],"the":[7,34,42,58,64,67,83,96,101,106],"structure":[8,65],"of":[9,66,90,108],"factor":[10,30,47,69,92],"graphs":[11,48,70],"for":[12,122],"graph-based":[13],"inference.":[14],"As":[15],"an":[16,72],"example":[17],"inference":[18],"task,":[19],"we":[20,62,81,104],"consider":[21],"symbol":[22,39,119],"detection":[23,120],"on":[24,45],"linear":[25],"inter-symbol":[26],"interference":[27],"channels.":[28,124],"The":[29],"graph":[31],"framework":[32],"has":[33],"potential":[35],"yield":[37],"low-complexity":[38],"detectors.":[40],"However,":[41],"sum-product":[43],"algorithm":[44],"cyclic":[46],"is":[49,54],"suboptimal":[50],"and":[51],"its":[52],"performance":[53,121],"highly":[55],"sensitive":[56],"underlying":[59,68],"graph.":[60],"Therefore,":[61],"in":[71],"end-to-end":[73],"manner":[74],"using":[75],"machine":[76],"learning.":[77],"For":[78],"that":[79,94],"purpose,":[80],"transform":[82],"structural":[84],"optimization":[85],"into":[86,100],"clustering":[88],"problem":[89],"low-degree":[91],"nodes":[93],"incorporates":[95],"known":[97],"channel":[98],"model":[99],"optimization.":[102],"Furthermore,":[103],"study":[105],"combination":[107],"this":[109],"approach":[110],"with":[111],"neural":[112],"belief":[113],"propagation,":[114],"yielding":[115],"near-maximum":[116],"posteriori":[118],"specific":[123]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2023-05-07T00:00:00"}