{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4375869132","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp49357.2023.10095535","title":"Liveness Score-Based Regression Neural Networks for Face Anti-Spoofing","display_name":"Liveness Score-Based Regression Neural Networks for Face Anti-Spoofing","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4375869132","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp49357.2023.10095535"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp49357.2023.10095535","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp49357.2023.10095535","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICASSP 2023 - 2023 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024529521","display_name":"Youngjun Kwak","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114081","display_name":"Korea Kacoh (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/02930yz47","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114081"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Youngjun Kwak","raw_affiliation_strings":["KakaoBank Corp.,South Korea","KakaoBank Corp., South Korea","Department of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KakaoBank Corp.,South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114081"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"KakaoBank Corp., South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114081"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054304161","display_name":"Minyoung Jung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6419-5236"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131650","display_name":"Korea Electronics Technology Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/039k6f508","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210089395","https://openalex.org/I4210131650"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minyoung Jung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Korea Electronics Technology Institute,AIRC,South Korea","AIRC, Korea Electronics Technology Institute, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea Electronics Technology Institute,AIRC,South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131650"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"AIRC, Korea Electronics Technology Institute, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057141144","display_name":"Hunjae Yoo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114081","display_name":"Korea Kacoh (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/02930yz47","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114081"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hunjae Yoo","raw_affiliation_strings":["KakaoBank Corp.,South Korea","KakaoBank Corp., South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KakaoBank Corp.,South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114081"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"KakaoBank Corp., South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114081"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101810559","display_name":"Jin-Ho Shin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9026-5931"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114081","display_name":"Korea Kacoh (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/02930yz47","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114081"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"JinHo Shin","raw_affiliation_strings":["KakaoBank Corp.,South Korea","KakaoBank Corp., South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KakaoBank Corp.,South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114081"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"KakaoBank Corp., South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114081"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069759184","display_name":"Changick Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9323-8488"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changick Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["KAIST,Department of Electrical Engineering,South Korea","Department of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KAIST,Department of Electrical Engineering,South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024529521"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424","https://openalex.org/I4210114081"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2226,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78791862,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9769999980926514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9699000120162964,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liveness","display_name":"Liveness","score":0.9792071580886841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7880407571792603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spoofing-attack","display_name":"Spoofing attack","score":0.7652938365936279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6066192984580994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.5654346346855164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.533771276473999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regression","display_name":"Regression","score":0.5168805122375488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.502375602722168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.48361650109291077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discretization","display_name":"Discretization","score":0.43262794613838196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4132010340690613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3595178723335266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.18330591917037964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.12105056643486023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.10877832770347595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08480697870254517}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15569618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3561421","display_name":"Liveness","level":2,"score":0.9792071580886841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7880407571792603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167900197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11081100","display_name":"Spoofing attack","level":2,"score":0.7652938365936279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6066192984580994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5654346346855164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.533771276473999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83546350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139051","display_name":"Regression","level":2,"score":0.5168805122375488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.502375602722168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.48361650109291077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73000952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17007827","display_name":"Discretization","level":2,"score":0.43262794613838196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4132010340690613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3595178723335266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.18330591917037964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.12105056643486023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.10877832770347595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08480697870254517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp49357.2023.10095535","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp49357.2023.10095535","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICASSP 2023 - 2023 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1882958252","https://openalex.org/W1982209341","https://openalex.org/W2003092530","https://openalex.org/W2163487272","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2728977829","https://openalex.org/W2798966709","https://openalex.org/W2885013511","https://openalex.org/W2943235166","https://openalex.org/W2944223741","https://openalex.org/W2963342110","https://openalex.org/W2963656031","https://openalex.org/W2992308087","https://openalex.org/W3035263140","https://openalex.org/W3035459165","https://openalex.org/W3094861582","https://openalex.org/W3158343070","https://openalex.org/W3175196926","https://openalex.org/W3188354902","https://openalex.org/W3199885658","https://openalex.org/W3205638629","https://openalex.org/W3207485660","https://openalex.org/W4221153153","https://openalex.org/W4221158220","https://openalex.org/W4224927256","https://openalex.org/W4225266656","https://openalex.org/W4225308595","https://openalex.org/W4225857838","https://openalex.org/W4226291055","https://openalex.org/W4312836647","https://openalex.org/W6639480849","https://openalex.org/W6651332010","https://openalex.org/W6684314024","https://openalex.org/W6761937618","https://openalex.org/W6777462835","https://openalex.org/W6784785809"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2533239677","https://openalex.org/W4389545061","https://openalex.org/W2140593870","https://openalex.org/W3126377002","https://openalex.org/W2903861076","https://openalex.org/W2604576816","https://openalex.org/W2729608596","https://openalex.org/W2913345013","https://openalex.org/W2900020547","https://openalex.org/W3016508785"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Previous":[0],"anti-spoofing":[1,116],"methods":[2],"have":[3],"used":[4],"either":[5],"pseudo":[6,27],"maps":[7,28],"or":[8],"user-defined":[9],"labels,":[10],"and":[11,29,57,103],"the":[12,19,22,30,34,37,51,75,86,97,100,104],"performance":[13],"of":[14,21,77],"each":[15],"approach":[16,133],"depends":[17],"on":[18,53,91,113,123],"accuracy":[20],"third":[23,54],"party":[24,55],"networks":[25,56],"generating":[26,71],"way":[31],"in":[32],"which":[33],"users":[35],"define":[36],"labels.":[38],"In":[39],"this":[40],"paper,":[41],"we":[42,60,84],"propose":[43],"a":[44,62,92],"liveness":[45,88,106],"score-based":[46],"regression":[47,93],"network":[48,94],"for":[49,70,95],"overcoming":[50],"dependency":[52],"users.":[58],"First,":[59],"introduce":[61],"new":[63],"labeling":[64],"technique,":[65],"called":[66],"pseudo-discretized":[67],"label":[68],"encoding":[69],"discretized":[72],"labels":[73],"indicating":[74],"amount":[76],"information":[78],"related":[79],"to":[80,118],"real":[81],"images.":[82],"Secondly,":[83],"suggest":[85],"expected":[87,105],"score":[89],"based":[90],"training":[96],"difference":[98],"between":[99],"proposed":[101,121],"supervision":[102],"score.":[107],"Finally,":[108],"extensive":[109],"experiments":[110],"were":[111],"conducted":[112],"four":[114],"face":[115],"benchmarks":[117],"verify":[119],"our":[120,132],"method":[122],"both":[124],"intra-and":[125],"cross-dataset":[126],"tests.":[127],"The":[128],"experimental":[129],"results":[130],"show":[131],"outperforms":[134],"previous":[135],"methods.":[136]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
