{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4372349408","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp49357.2023.10095355","title":"E2E Segmentation in a Two-Pass Cascaded Encoder ASR Model","display_name":"E2E Segmentation in a Two-Pass Cascaded Encoder ASR Model","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4372349408","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp49357.2023.10095355"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp49357.2023.10095355","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp49357.2023.10095355","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICASSP 2023 - 2023 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101399361","display_name":"Wei Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4817-8858"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. Ronny Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001306222","display_name":"Shuo-Yiin Chang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuo-Yiin Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070513394","display_name":"Tara N. Sainath","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4126-6556"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tara N. Sainath","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101319167","display_name":"Yanzhang He","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanzhang He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050133412","display_name":"David Rybach","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Rybach","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062218486","display_name":"Robert David","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3244-5341"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert David","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032640894","display_name":"Rohit Prabhavalkar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5331-6058"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rohit Prabhavalkar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030888546","display_name":"Cyril Allauzen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cyril Allauzen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037066965","display_name":"Cal Peyser","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cal Peyser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032931723","display_name":"Trevor Strohman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Trevor D. Strohman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.987500011920929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9857000112533569,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8228799104690552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.7014369368553162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.69964998960495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.6096294522285461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.47580939531326294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.4540165662765503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/closed-captioning","display_name":"Closed captioning","score":0.43387535214424133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4188162386417389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3692113757133484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.124948650598526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.07085087895393372}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8228799104690552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.7014369368553162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.69964998960495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.6096294522285461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.47580939531326294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4540165662765503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157657479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2367247","display_name":"Closed captioning","level":3,"score":0.43387535214424133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4188162386417389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3692113757133484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.124948650598526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.07085087895393372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp49357.2023.10095355","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp49357.2023.10095355","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICASSP 2023 - 2023 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1563939609","https://openalex.org/W2513345070","https://openalex.org/W2786018489","https://openalex.org/W2886246524","https://openalex.org/W2973122799","https://openalex.org/W3008174054","https://openalex.org/W3008181812","https://openalex.org/W3008898571","https://openalex.org/W3015383801","https://openalex.org/W3092970820","https://openalex.org/W3111562797","https://openalex.org/W3149629662","https://openalex.org/W3160766462","https://openalex.org/W3161375121","https://openalex.org/W3163203022","https://openalex.org/W3196784225","https://openalex.org/W4223988178","https://openalex.org/W4224457787","https://openalex.org/W4225307083","https://openalex.org/W4297841343","https://openalex.org/W4297841778","https://openalex.org/W6787040858"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210416330","https://openalex.org/W3088136942","https://openalex.org/W2949362007","https://openalex.org/W2775506363","https://openalex.org/W4290852288","https://openalex.org/W4388893791","https://openalex.org/W3008625068","https://openalex.org/W3128807919","https://openalex.org/W3176411177","https://openalex.org/W3035501883"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,51,87],"explore":[1],"unifying":[2],"a":[3,12,53,69,100,118,136],"neural":[4,57],"segmenter":[5,21,58,139],"with":[6,27,61,89,140],"two-pass":[7],"cascaded":[8,143],"encoder":[9],"ASR":[10],"into":[11],"single":[13],"model.":[14],"A":[15],"key":[16],"challenge":[17],"is":[18,59,78],"allowing":[19],"the":[20,28,32,56,62,83,94,141],"(which":[22,36],"runs":[23,37],"in":[24,73],"real-time,":[25],"synchronously":[26],"decoder)":[29],"to":[30,67,81,92],"finalize":[31,82,93],"non-causal":[33,84],"2nd":[34,85,95,110],"pass":[35,65,111],"900":[38],"ms":[39,131],"behind":[40],"real-time)":[41],"without":[42],"introducing":[43],"user-perceived":[44],"latency":[45,133],"or":[46],"deletion":[47],"errors":[48],"during":[49],"inference.":[50],"propose":[52],"design":[54],"where":[55],"integrated":[60],"causal":[63],"1st":[64],"decoder":[66],"emit":[68],"end-of-segment":[70],"(EOS)":[71],"signal":[72,77],"real-time.":[74],"The":[75],"EOS":[76,132],"then":[79],"used":[80],"pass.":[86],"experiment":[88],"different":[90],"ways":[91],"pass,":[96],"and":[97,113,129],"find":[98],"that":[99],"dummy":[101],"frame":[102],"injection":[103],"strategy":[104],"allows":[105],"for":[106],"simultaneous":[107],"high":[108],"quality":[109],"results":[112],"low":[114],"finalization":[115],"latency.":[116],"On":[117],"real-world":[119],"long-form":[120],"captioning":[121],"task":[122],"(YouTube),":[123],"we":[124],"achieve":[125],"2.4%":[126],"relative":[127],"WER":[128],"140":[130],"gains":[134],"over":[135],"baseline":[137],"VAD-based":[138],"same":[142],"encoder.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
