{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392902933","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp48485.2024.10446891","title":"Child FER: Domain-Agnostic Facial Expression Recognition in Children Using a Secondary Image Diffusion Model","display_name":"Child FER: Domain-Agnostic Facial Expression Recognition in Children Using a Secondary Image Diffusion Model","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-03-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392902933","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp48485.2024.10446891"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp48485.2024.10446891","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp48485.2024.10446891","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICASSP 2024 - 2024 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104260035","display_name":"Eungi Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0369-1209"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111277659","display_name":"Chonnam National University","ror":"https://ror.org/05kzjxq56","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111277659"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138006243","display_name":"University of Arizona","ror":"https://ror.org/03m2x1q45","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}],"countries":["KR","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Eungi Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chonnam National University,Department of Artificial Intelligence Convergence,Gwangju,Korea","University of Arizona,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Tucson,AZ,USA","Department of Artificial Intelligence Convergence, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chonnam National University,Department of Artificial Intelligence Convergence,Gwangju,Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111277659"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Arizona,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Tucson,AZ,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Artificial Intelligence Convergence, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111277659"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068087960","display_name":"Eung\u2010Joo Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6386-8470"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111277659","display_name":"Chonnam National University","ror":"https://ror.org/05kzjxq56","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111277659"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138006243","display_name":"University of Arizona","ror":"https://ror.org/03m2x1q45","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}],"countries":["KR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eung-Joo Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chonnam National University,Department of Artificial Intelligence Convergence,Gwangju,Korea","University of Arizona,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Tucson,AZ,USA","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chonnam National University,Department of Artificial Intelligence Convergence,Gwangju,Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111277659"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Arizona,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Tucson,AZ,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073762312","display_name":"Syed Muhammad Anwar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1336742384","display_name":"Children's National","ror":"https://ror.org/03wa2q724","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1336742384"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193531525","display_name":"George Washington University","ror":"https://ror.org/00y4zzh67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syed Muhammad Anwar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Children’s National Hospital,Washington,DC,USA","School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Children’s National Hospital,Washington,DC,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1336742384"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046704537","display_name":"Seok Bong Yoo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6528-701X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111277659","display_name":"Chonnam National University","ror":"https://ror.org/05kzjxq56","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111277659"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seok Bong Yoo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chonnam National University,Department of Artificial Intelligence Convergence,Gwangju,Korea","Department of Artificial Intelligence Convergence, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chonnam National University,Department of Artificial Intelligence Convergence,Gwangju,Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111277659"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Artificial Intelligence Convergence, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111277659"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5104260035"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111277659","https://openalex.org/I138006243"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9852,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.854294,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2750","last_page":"2754"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalizability-theory","display_name":"Generalizability theory","score":0.8827575445175171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6542471647262573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.6046549677848816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expression","display_name":"Facial expression","score":0.5806374549865723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5597269535064697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code","display_name":"Source code","score":0.5487663149833679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5441029071807861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.521928071975708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.49574193358421326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.47388142347335815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.46674472093582153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expression-recognition","display_name":"Facial expression recognition","score":0.4563066065311432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.42656955122947693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.4210317134857178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.41805294156074524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.38964179158210754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.19708594679832458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developmental-psychology","display_name":"Developmental psychology","score":0.16887006163597107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10541233420372009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.07781067490577698}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27158222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532422","display_name":"Generalizability theory","level":2,"score":0.8827575445175171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6542471647262573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.6046549677848816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195704467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327968","display_name":"Facial expression","level":2,"score":0.5806374549865723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5597269535064697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.5487663149833679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5441029071807861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.521928071975708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.49574193358421326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.47388142347335815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.46674472093582153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987714656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185804","display_name":"Facial expression recognition","level":4,"score":0.4563066065311432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.42656955122947693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.4210317134857178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.41805294156074524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.38964179158210754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.19708594679832458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.16887006163597107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10541233420372009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.07781067490577698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp48485.2024.10446891","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp48485.2024.10446891","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICASSP 2024 - 2024 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","score":0.44999998807907104,"display_name":"Gender equality"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1478288009","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021-0-02068","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2937387397","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20018699","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321681","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G339979444","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2022-00156287","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4643994530","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021-0-02068","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4700831490","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4733424299","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2023-00256629","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6072120315","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"funded","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7169510715","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021-0-02068","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321681","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7555702357","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2022-00156287","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7774098130","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2023-00256629","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8241800567","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021-0-0206","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8652231586","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. 2021-0-02068","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G992484961","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Korea","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321681","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321681","display_name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/008nkqk13"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion","ror":"https://ror.org/01g0hqq23"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2031614119","https://openalex.org/W2128897837","https://openalex.org/W2137071639","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2531409750","https://openalex.org/W2601320249","https://openalex.org/W2738672149","https://openalex.org/W2751039952","https://openalex.org/W2953771225","https://openalex.org/W2956725921","https://openalex.org/W3005533671","https://openalex.org/W3040315108","https://openalex.org/W3107763696","https://openalex.org/W3155551469","https://openalex.org/W3196566835","https://openalex.org/W3203381531","https://openalex.org/W4224933817","https://openalex.org/W4226376398","https://openalex.org/W4312465353","https://openalex.org/W4319299936","https://openalex.org/W4321231513","https://openalex.org/W4324348885","https://openalex.org/W4372260294","https://openalex.org/W4372265768","https://openalex.org/W4376278471","https://openalex.org/W4390874537","https://openalex.org/W6811291704"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4205986151","https://openalex.org/W2355913164","https://openalex.org/W2162992774","https://openalex.org/W1153638794","https://openalex.org/W2168968280","https://openalex.org/W2116055069","https://openalex.org/W2901126000","https://openalex.org/W4323520705","https://openalex.org/W2356663679","https://openalex.org/W3027190010"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Facial":[0],"expression":[1],"recognition":[2],"(FER)":[3],"models":[4],"often":[5],"face":[6],"challenges":[7],"when":[8],"generalizing":[9],"across":[10],"domains,":[11],"such":[12,35],"as":[13],"different":[14],"datasets":[15,134],"and":[16,34,68,118],"age":[17],"groups.":[18],"Despite":[19],"the":[20,45,84,120,127],"significance":[21],"of":[22,47,122],"this":[23],"problem,":[24],"FER":[25,49],"in":[26],"children":[27],"(child":[28],"FER)":[29],"research":[30],"remains":[31],"relatively":[32],"understudied,":[33],"studies":[36],"exhibit":[37],"vulnerability":[38],"to":[39,44,82,135],"cross-domain":[40],"evaluation.":[41],"In":[42],"response":[43],"scarcity":[46],"child":[48,59,70,123],"research,":[50],"we":[51,75,94],"propose":[52],"a":[53,64,69,77,106],"novel":[54],"domain-agnostic":[55,100],"approach":[56,110,129],"for":[57],"robust":[58],"FER.":[60,124],"The":[61,139],"architecture":[62],"integrates":[63],"child-centric":[65],"source-domain":[66,87],"reconstructor":[67],"emotion":[71],"feature-guided":[72],"classifier.":[73],"First,":[74],"use":[76],"secondary":[78],"image":[79,85],"diffusion":[80],"model":[81],"reconstruct":[83],"with":[86,130],"childlike":[88],"features":[89,101],"while":[90],"preserving":[91],"emotion.":[92],"Second,":[93],"recognize":[95],"facial":[96],"expressions":[97],"based":[98],"on":[99],"from":[102],"reconstructed":[103],"images":[104],"through":[105],"cross-attention":[107],"mechanism.":[108],"This":[109],"counters":[111],"performance":[112],"degradation":[113],"caused":[114],"by":[115],"domain":[116],"discrepancies":[117],"improves":[119],"generalizability":[121],"We":[125],"validate":[126],"proposed":[128],"diverse,":[131],"publicly":[132],"available":[133,143],"highlight":[136],"its":[137],"effectiveness.":[138],"source":[140],"code":[141],"is":[142],"at":[144],"https://github.com/st0421/Child-FER.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}