{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392904470","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp48485.2024.10445925","title":"Buffered Gaussian Modeling for Vectorized HD Map Construction","display_name":"Buffered Gaussian Modeling for Vectorized HD Map Construction","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-03-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392904470","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp48485.2024.10445925"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp48485.2024.10445925","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icassp48485.2024.10445925","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICASSP 2024 - 2024 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113299358","display_name":"Anqi Shi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anqi Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fudan University,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, School of Computer Science,Shanghai,China","Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, School of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fudan University,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, School of Computer Science,Shanghai,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, School of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102631479","display_name":"Huaqiu Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huaqiu Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fudan University,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, School of Computer Science,Shanghai,China","Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, School of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fudan University,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, School of Computer Science,Shanghai,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, School of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070355771","display_name":"Hong Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4572-2854"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fudan University,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, School of Computer Science,Shanghai,China","Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, School of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fudan University,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, School of Computer Science,Shanghai,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, School of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024362813","display_name":"Rui Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7800-2770"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fudan University,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, School of Computer Science,Shanghai,China","Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, School of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fudan University,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, School of Computer Science,Shanghai,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, School of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113299358"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.01563767,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":null,"first_page":"3980","last_page":"3984"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7617640495300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.7321757674217224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.6932113766670227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5595822334289551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5276440382003784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.487562358379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian-process","display_name":"Gaussian process","score":0.4429951012134552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/line","display_name":"Line (geometry)","score":0.4417506158351898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/line-segment","display_name":"Line segment","score":0.43892142176628113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.36114954948425293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.35172998905181885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3480296730995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.33228564262390137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1297312080860138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.06376925110816956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.06293857097625732}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7617640495300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.7321757674217224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.6932113766670227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5595822334289551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5276440382003784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.487562358379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61326573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1496376","display_name":"Gaussian process","level":3,"score":0.4429951012134552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198352243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37105","display_name":"Line (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4417506158351898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182124507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166154","display_name":"Line segment","level":2,"score":0.43892142176628113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.36114954948425293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.35172998905181885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3480296730995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.33228564262390137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1297312080860138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.06376925110816956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.06293857097625732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp48485.2024.10445925","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icassp48485.2024.10445925","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICASSP 2024 - 2024 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.41999998688697815,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329694","display_name":"Jihua Laboratory","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1583837637","https://openalex.org/W2962766617","https://openalex.org/W2973478056","https://openalex.org/W2991359031","https://openalex.org/W3035574168","https://openalex.org/W3096609285","https://openalex.org/W3171395710","https://openalex.org/W3177105943","https://openalex.org/W3179351458","https://openalex.org/W3206820494","https://openalex.org/W3206965446","https://openalex.org/W4282942807","https://openalex.org/W4320002812","https://openalex.org/W4323922078","https://openalex.org/W4381551245","https://openalex.org/W4381659335","https://openalex.org/W6755742144","https://openalex.org/W6776332433","https://openalex.org/W6788870397","https://openalex.org/W6796744688","https://openalex.org/W6838633692","https://openalex.org/W6839020635","https://openalex.org/W6843220696","https://openalex.org/W6850392929","https://openalex.org/W6853801128","https://openalex.org/W6853923456"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386442742","https://openalex.org/W2353000084","https://openalex.org/W4205730002","https://openalex.org/W1623138178","https://openalex.org/W2942906518","https://openalex.org/W4288363470","https://openalex.org/W2357946356","https://openalex.org/W180294324","https://openalex.org/W2353540264","https://openalex.org/W3084509788"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Vectorized":[0],"high-definition":[1],"(HD)":[2],"map":[3,23,53,98,124],"construction":[4],"is":[5,56],"an":[6],"important":[7],"and":[8,34,59,129],"challenging":[9],"task":[10],"for":[11,51],"autonomous":[12],"driving.":[13],"End-to-end":[14],"models":[15],"have":[16,27],"been":[17],"developed":[18],"recently":[19],"to":[20,61,93],"enable":[21],"online":[22],"construction.":[24],"Existing":[25],"works":[26],"difficulty":[28],"on":[29,112],"generating":[30],"complex":[31],"geometric":[32,104],"shapes":[33],"lack":[35],"comprehensive":[36],"evaluation":[37],"metrics.":[38,131],"To":[39],"tackle":[40],"these":[41],"challenges,":[42],"we":[43,71],"introduce":[44],"buffered":[45],"IoU":[46],"as":[47],"a":[48,74],"novel":[49,75],"metric":[50],"vectorized":[52],"construction,":[54],"which":[55],"clearly":[57],"defined":[58],"applicable":[60],"real-world":[62],"situations.":[63],"Inspired":[64],"by":[65,102],"methods":[66],"of":[67,123],"rotated":[68],"object":[69],"detection,":[70],"further":[72],"propose":[73],"technique":[76],"called":[77],"Buffered":[78],"Gaussian":[79,88],"Modeling.":[80],"We":[81],"extend":[82],"1D":[83],"line":[84],"segments":[85],"into":[86],"2D":[87],"distributions,":[89],"making":[90],"them":[91],"easier":[92],"learn.":[94],"With":[95],"Gaussian-based":[96],"losses,":[97],"elements":[99],"are":[100],"learned":[101],"their":[103],"features":[105],"rather":[106],"than":[107],"coordinates":[108],"only.":[109],"Experiments":[110],"performed":[111],"nuScenes":[113],"dataset":[114],"show":[115],"that":[116],"our":[117],"method":[118],"significantly":[119],"improves":[120],"the":[121],"quality":[122],"generation,":[125],"using":[126],"both":[127],"distance-based":[128],"IoU-based":[130]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-12-19T19:40:27.379048","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}