{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4224920357","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp43922.2022.9747480","title":"Natural-Looking Adversarial Examples from Freehand Sketches","display_name":"Natural-Looking Adversarial Examples from Freehand Sketches","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4224920357","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp43922.2022.9747480"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp43922.2022.9747480","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp43922.2022.9747480","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607702","display_name":"ICASSP 2022 - 2022 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICASSP 2022 - 2022 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://infoscience.epfl.ch/handle/20.500.14299/193754","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089050147","display_name":"Hak Gu Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2137-934X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67900169","display_name":"Chung-Ang University","ror":"https://ror.org/01r024a98","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67900169"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hak Gu Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chung-Ang University,Immersive Reality and Intelligent Systems Lab,South Korea","Immersive Reality and Intelligent Systems Lab, Chung-Ang University, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chung-Ang University,Immersive Reality and Intelligent Systems Lab,South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67900169"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Immersive Reality and Intelligent Systems Lab, Chung-Ang University, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67900169"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021500778","display_name":"Davide Nanni","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Davide Nanni","raw_affiliation_strings":["EPFL,School of Computer and Communication Sciences,Switzerland","School of Computer and Communication Sciences, EPFL, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EPFL,School of Computer and Communication Sciences,Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Communication Sciences, EPFL, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078201467","display_name":"Sabine S\u00fcsstrunk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0441-6068"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sabine Susstrunk","raw_affiliation_strings":["EPFL,School of Computer and Communication Sciences,Switzerland","School of Computer and Communication Sciences, EPFL, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EPFL,School of Computer and Communication Sciences,Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Communication Sciences, EPFL, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089050147"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67900169"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4155,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.55225167,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"3723","last_page":"3727"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9574000239372253,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.8468459844589233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sketch","display_name":"Sketch","score":0.820113480091095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7718085646629333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generator","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","score":0.6862714886665344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6374210119247437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.5991660952568054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sketch-recognition","display_name":"Sketch recognition","score":0.5195991396903992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-translation","display_name":"Image translation","score":0.5164794921875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.5155972838401794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.4950243830680847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.48015493154525757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4448527991771698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.4321293830871582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4306168258190155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.38822656869888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.17335939407348633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1340116262435913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gesture-recognition","display_name":"Gesture recognition","score":0.07089075446128845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gesture","display_name":"Gesture","score":0.0661177933216095}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.8468459844589233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779231336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7534724","display_name":"Sketch","level":2,"score":0.820113480091095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7718085646629333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780992000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17016113","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","level":3,"score":0.6862714886665344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6374210119247437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.5991660952568054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132900626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7534733","display_name":"Sketch recognition","level":4,"score":0.5195991396903992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779757391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6002292","display_name":"Image translation","level":3,"score":0.5164794921875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5155972838401794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.4950243830680847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.48015493154525757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4448527991771698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.4321293830871582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4306168258190155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.38822656869888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.17335939407348633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1340116262435913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159437735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1519524","display_name":"Gesture recognition","level":3,"score":0.07089075446128845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207347870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371174","display_name":"Gesture","level":2,"score":0.0661177933216095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp43922.2022.9747480","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp43922.2022.9747480","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607702","display_name":"ICASSP 2022 - 2022 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICASSP 2022 - 2022 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.epfl.ch:299252","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://infoscience.epfl.ch/handle/20.500.14299/193754","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"WoS","raw_type":"conference proceedings"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.epfl.ch:299252","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://infoscience.epfl.ch/handle/20.500.14299/193754","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"WoS","raw_type":"conference proceedings"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311649","display_name":"Ministry of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/036nq5137"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321202","display_name":"Chung-Ang University","ror":"https://ror.org/01r024a98"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1673923490","https://openalex.org/W1945616565","https://openalex.org/W2022799064","https://openalex.org/W2091432990","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2561196672","https://openalex.org/W2753075790","https://openalex.org/W2798302089","https://openalex.org/W2963174256","https://openalex.org/W2963561004","https://openalex.org/W2963857521","https://openalex.org/W2972986629","https://openalex.org/W3035124078","https://openalex.org/W3035447895","https://openalex.org/W3107942585","https://openalex.org/W3171450754","https://openalex.org/W4293846201","https://openalex.org/W4295521014","https://openalex.org/W4300511536","https://openalex.org/W6637162671","https://openalex.org/W6640425456","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6719080892","https://openalex.org/W6730587030","https://openalex.org/W6735913928","https://openalex.org/W6739868092","https://openalex.org/W6744056753","https://openalex.org/W6751839145"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3208409104","https://openalex.org/W2788191623","https://openalex.org/W2774208477","https://openalex.org/W2936485314","https://openalex.org/W2772330423","https://openalex.org/W3176244269","https://openalex.org/W4224920357","https://openalex.org/W2975181451","https://openalex.org/W4288103034","https://openalex.org/W2890993870"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"neural":[1],"networks":[2],"(DNNs)":[3],"have":[4,20],"achieved":[5],"great":[6],"success":[7],"in":[8],"image":[9,148],"classification":[10],"and":[11,88,129],"recognition":[12],"compared":[13],"to":[14,27,34,75,78,84,147],"previous":[15],"methods.":[16,168],"However,":[17],"recent":[18],"works":[19],"reported":[21],"that":[22,30,52,153],"DNNs":[23],"are":[24,31],"very":[25],"vulnerable":[26],"adversarial":[28,49,60,89,99,159,166],"examples":[29,160],"intentionally":[32],"generated":[33,101],"mislead":[35],"the":[36,39,67,72,79,85,94,98,103,107,125,133,142],"predictions":[37],"of":[38,97,140],"DNNs.":[40],"Here,":[41],"we":[42,53,65,123],"present":[43],"a":[44,58,63,114,118],"novel":[45,119],"freehand":[46],"sketch-based":[47],"natural-looking":[48,59],"example":[50,61,90,100],"generator":[51,87],"call":[54],"SketchAdv.":[55],"To":[56],"generate":[57],"from":[62,102],"sketch,":[64],"force":[66],"encoded":[68],"edge":[69,86,108],"information":[70],"(i.e.,":[71],"visual":[73],"attributes)":[74],"be":[76],"close":[77],"latent":[80],"random":[81,104],"vector":[82,105],"fed":[83],"generator.":[91],"This":[92],"preserves":[93],"spatial":[95],"consistency":[96],"with":[106,117,164],"information.":[109],"In":[110],"addition,":[111],"by":[112],"employing":[113],"sketch-edge":[115,120],"encoder":[116],"matching":[121],"loss,":[122],"reduce":[124],"gap":[126],"between":[127],"edges":[128],"sketches.":[130],"We":[131],"evaluate":[132],"proposed":[134],"method":[135],"on":[136],"several":[137],"dominant":[138],"classes":[139],"SketchyCOCO,":[141],"benchmark":[143],"dataset":[144],"for":[145],"sketch":[146],"translation.":[149],"Our":[150],"experiments":[151],"show":[152],"our":[154],"SketchAdv":[155],"produces":[156],"visually":[157],"plausible":[158],"while":[161],"remaining":[162],"competitive":[163],"other":[165],"attack":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
