{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4224932085","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp43922.2022.9747285","title":"Path Signatures for Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring","display_name":"Path Signatures for Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4224932085","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp43922.2022.9747285"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp43922.2022.9747285","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp43922.2022.9747285","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607702","display_name":"ICASSP 2022 - 2022 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICASSP 2022 - 2022 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018237642","display_name":"Paul J. Moore","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6171-4072"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120676","display_name":"Mathematical Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02fhy7464","country_code":"SK","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207624831","https://openalex.org/I4210120676"]}],"countries":["GB","SK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Moore","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oxford University,Mathematical Institute","Mathematical Institute, Oxford University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oxford University,Mathematical Institute","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120676"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mathematical Institute, Oxford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120676","https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088091011","display_name":"Theodor-Mihai Iliant","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120676","display_name":"Mathematical Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02fhy7464","country_code":"SK","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207624831","https://openalex.org/I4210120676"]}],"countries":["GB","SK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Theodor-Mihai Iliant","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oxford University,Mathematical Institute","Mathematical Institute, Oxford University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oxford University,Mathematical Institute","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120676"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mathematical Institute, Oxford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120676","https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031661740","display_name":"Filip-Alexandru Ion","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120676","display_name":"Mathematical Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02fhy7464","country_code":"SK","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207624831","https://openalex.org/I4210120676"]}],"countries":["GB","SK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Filip-Alexandru Ion","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oxford University,Mathematical Institute","Mathematical Institute, Oxford University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oxford University,Mathematical Institute","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120676"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mathematical Institute, Oxford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120676","https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100663751","display_name":"Yue Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6281-2229"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","display_name":"University of Strathclyde","ror":"https://ror.org/00n3w3b69","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yue Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Strathclyde,Department of Mathematics and Statistics,Glasgow","Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Strathclyde,Department of Mathematics and Statistics,Glasgow","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033716148","display_name":"Terry Lyons","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9972-2809"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120676","display_name":"Mathematical Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02fhy7464","country_code":"SK","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207624831","https://openalex.org/I4210120676"]}],"countries":["GB","SK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Terry Lyons","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oxford University,Mathematical Institute","Mathematical Institute, Oxford University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oxford University,Mathematical Institute","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120676"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mathematical Institute, Oxford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120676","https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6379,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.52916789,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":null,"first_page":"3808","last_page":"3812"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11220","display_name":"Water Systems and Optimization","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11052","display_name":"Energy Load and Power Forecasting","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signature","display_name":"Signature (topology)","score":0.859515368938446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7372570037841797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trajectory","display_name":"Trajectory","score":0.7305644154548645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path","display_name":"Path (computing)","score":0.6740261316299438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.6395289897918701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.5351868867874146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.46854886412620544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4529591202735901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4496335983276367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.36458754539489746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.082129567861557}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779696439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512811","display_name":"Signature (topology)","level":2,"score":0.859515368938446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7372570037841797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.7305644154548645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6740261316299438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6395289897918701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.5351868867874146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.46854886412620544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4529591202735901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4496335983276367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.36458754539489746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.082129567861557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp43922.2022.9747285","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp43922.2022.9747285","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607702","display_name":"ICASSP 2022 - 2022 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICASSP 2022 - 2022 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:strathprints.strath.ac.uk:80812","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/view/author/1391201.html>","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402226","display_name":"Strathprints: The University of Strathclyde institutional repository (University of Strathclyde)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","host_organization_name":"University of Strathclyde","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"NonPeerReviewed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ora.ox.ac.uk:uuid:e4bd517f-ea29-4ab2-98dc-753623a0ecff","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e4bd517f-ea29-4ab2-98dc-753623a0ecff","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402636","display_name":"Oxford University Research Archive (ORA) (University of Oxford)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","host_organization_name":"University of Oxford","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symplectic Elements","raw_type":"Conference item"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8100000023841858,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5005012656","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/S026347/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1584534630","https://openalex.org/W1966404902","https://openalex.org/W1994042232","https://openalex.org/W1996944908","https://openalex.org/W2097481773","https://openalex.org/W2100955315","https://openalex.org/W2297500149","https://openalex.org/W2557152923","https://openalex.org/W2697608749","https://openalex.org/W2778405665","https://openalex.org/W2885506102","https://openalex.org/W2988355378","https://openalex.org/W3045430323","https://openalex.org/W3100267010","https://openalex.org/W3102977103","https://openalex.org/W3123691155","https://openalex.org/W3146797348","https://openalex.org/W4307577460","https://openalex.org/W6632678810","https://openalex.org/W6697292812","https://openalex.org/W6729591605","https://openalex.org/W6785484852","https://openalex.org/W6846445555"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4323768008","https://openalex.org/W1941703695","https://openalex.org/W3131574667","https://openalex.org/W4360995134","https://openalex.org/W4248382324","https://openalex.org/W3023605104","https://openalex.org/W2039473718","https://openalex.org/W2387529410","https://openalex.org/W2383578611","https://openalex.org/W2987583674"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Non-intrusive":[0],"load":[1],"monitoring":[2],"(NILM)":[3],"is":[4,100],"the":[5,29,42,55,73,79,91,97],"analysis":[6],"of":[7,12,51,88],"electricity":[8],"loads":[9],"by":[10],"means":[11],"a":[13,48,84],"single":[14],"supply":[15],"wire,":[16],"so":[17],"avoiding":[18],"separate":[19],"monitors":[20],"on":[21,90],"individual":[22],"appliances.":[23],"Some":[24],"approaches":[25],"to":[26,40,82,102,114],"NILM":[27],"use":[28,103,119],"V-I":[30,80],"trajectory":[31,81],"for":[32],"feature":[33,43,52],"generation":[34,53],"but":[35],"they":[36],"apply":[37],"ad-hoc":[38,107],"rules":[39],"generate":[41],"vector.":[44],"This":[45],"paper":[46],"demonstrates":[47],"systematic":[49],"method":[50],"called":[54],"path":[56,74,98],"signature":[57,75,99],"which":[58,118],"has":[59],"recently":[60],"been":[61],"applied":[62,113],"in":[63],"machine":[64],"learning,":[65],"often":[66],"with":[67],"notable":[68],"success.":[69],"We":[70,94],"show":[71],"how":[72],"generates":[76],"features":[77],"from":[78],"give":[83],"test":[85],"set":[86],"accuracy":[87],"98.81%":[89],"COOLL":[92],"dataset.":[93],"conclude":[95],"that":[96],"easier":[101],"and":[104,109],"generalize":[105],"than":[106],"features,":[108],"it":[110],"can":[111],"be":[112],"many":[115],"other":[116],"applications":[117],"multivariate":[120],"sequential":[121],"data.":[122]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}