{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4226057428","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp43922.2022.9747223","title":"Score Difficulty Analysis for Piano Performance Education based on Fingering","display_name":"Score Difficulty Analysis for Piano Performance Education based on Fingering","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4226057428","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp43922.2022.9747223"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp43922.2022.9747223","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp43922.2022.9747223","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607702","display_name":"ICASSP 2022 - 2022 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICASSP 2022 - 2022 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://repositori.upf.edu/bitstreams/c7131aba-f05e-43b8-862c-5a3f258cfed2/download","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071646953","display_name":"Pedro Ramoneda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4017-537X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170486558","display_name":"Pompeu Fabra University","ror":"https://ror.org/04n0g0b29","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pedro Ramoneda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitat Pompeu Fabra,Music Technology Group,Barcelona","Music Technology Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitat Pompeu Fabra,Music Technology Group,Barcelona","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Music Technology Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041283771","display_name":"Nazif Can Tamer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3903-7428"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170486558","display_name":"Pompeu Fabra University","ror":"https://ror.org/04n0g0b29","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nazif Can Tamer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitat Pompeu Fabra,Music Technology Group,Barcelona","Music Technology Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitat Pompeu Fabra,Music Technology Group,Barcelona","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Music Technology Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078498325","display_name":"Vsevolod Eremenko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1775-1425"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170486558","display_name":"Pompeu Fabra University","ror":"https://ror.org/04n0g0b29","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vsevolod Eremenko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitat Pompeu Fabra,Music Technology Group,Barcelona","Music Technology Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitat Pompeu Fabra,Music Technology Group,Barcelona","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Music Technology Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006479715","display_name":"Xavier Serra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1395-2345"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170486558","display_name":"Pompeu Fabra University","ror":"https://ror.org/04n0g0b29","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xavier Serra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitat Pompeu Fabra,Music Technology Group,Barcelona","Music Technology Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitat Pompeu Fabra,Music Technology Group,Barcelona","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Music Technology Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039915904","display_name":"Marius Miron","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2563-075X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170486558","display_name":"Pompeu Fabra University","ror":"https://ror.org/04n0g0b29","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marius Miron","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitat Pompeu Fabra,Music Technology Group,Barcelona","Music Technology Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitat Pompeu Fabra,Music Technology Group,Barcelona","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Music Technology Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071646953"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9443,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88448222,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"201","last_page":"205"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11349","display_name":"Music Technology and Sound Studies","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13996","display_name":"Diverse Musicological Studies","score":0.9873999953269958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1210","display_name":"Music"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/piano","display_name":"Piano","score":0.8149113655090332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7770547866821289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.6434347629547119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5437799692153931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/music-information-retrieval","display_name":"Music information retrieval","score":0.5129868388175964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseline","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","score":0.4683648347854614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.4590117335319519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.45590442419052124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.45053550601005554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recurrent-neural-network","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","score":0.44961071014404297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4054374694824219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.32584017515182495}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124086623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5994","display_name":"Piano","level":2,"score":0.8149113655090332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7770547866821289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.6434347629547119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5437799692153931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777946086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1163335","display_name":"Music information retrieval","level":3,"score":0.5129868388175964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.4683648347854614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4590117335319519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.45590442419052124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.45053550601005554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147168706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1457734","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","level":3,"score":0.44961071014404297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4054374694824219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.32584017515182495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52119013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50637","display_name":"Art history","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558565934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2743","display_name":"Musical","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp43922.2022.9747223","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp43922.2022.9747223","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607702","display_name":"ICASSP 2022 - 2022 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICASSP 2022 - 2022 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/53378","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10230/53378","pdf_url":"https://repositori.upf.edu/bitstreams/c7131aba-f05e-43b8-862c-5a3f258cfed2/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402615","display_name":"Repositori digital de la UPF (Universitat Pompeu Fabra)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I170486558","host_organization_name":"Universitat Pompeu Fabra","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/53378","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10230/53378","pdf_url":"https://repositori.upf.edu/bitstreams/c7131aba-f05e-43b8-862c-5a3f258cfed2/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402615","display_name":"Repositori digital de la UPF (Universitat Pompeu Fabra)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I170486558","host_organization_name":"Universitat Pompeu Fabra","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8799999952316284}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2262748287","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3480869486","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"13039","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3727459686","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"13039/50110001103","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315062","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4126322094","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"01100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5555131222","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315062","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G661330594","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"00110","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6685425346","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"0011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7084143925","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AEI/10","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7266728691","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8260616629","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8497050386","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315062","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8516412140","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315062","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8684520763","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G990333805","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315062","display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4226057428.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4226057428.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1575910154","https://openalex.org/W1763138406","https://openalex.org/W2086735159","https://openalex.org/W2163293471","https://openalex.org/W2165574951","https://openalex.org/W2174276655","https://openalex.org/W2293027038","https://openalex.org/W2295598076","https://openalex.org/W2396433901","https://openalex.org/W2397914692","https://openalex.org/W2583498619","https://openalex.org/W2620547470","https://openalex.org/W2889387262","https://openalex.org/W2890285072","https://openalex.org/W2963476144","https://openalex.org/W2982442523","https://openalex.org/W2998119150","https://openalex.org/W4286974217","https://openalex.org/W6696796203","https://openalex.org/W6712486829","https://openalex.org/W6840971766"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2316271602","https://openalex.org/W2357375963","https://openalex.org/W607893370","https://openalex.org/W629160228","https://openalex.org/W584653787","https://openalex.org/W4362512397","https://openalex.org/W587444722","https://openalex.org/W2022713566","https://openalex.org/W2336023324","https://openalex.org/W633023889"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,66],"introduce":[4,32],"score":[5,29,102],"difficulty":[6,50,147],"classification":[7],"as":[8,82],"a":[9,33,87,116],"sub-task":[10],"of":[11,63,145],"music":[12,21],"information":[13],"retrieval":[14],"(MIR),":[15],"which":[16],"may":[17],"be":[18],"used":[19],"in":[20,44,123],"education":[22],"technologies,":[23],"for":[24,36,84,107,157,170],"personalised":[25],"curriculum":[26],"generation,":[27],"and":[28,47,58,97,142,155,163],"retrieval.":[30],"We":[31,78,104],"novel":[34],"dataset":[35,109],"our":[37,64,108],"task,":[38],"Mikrokosmos-difficulty,":[39],"containing":[40],"147":[41],"piano":[42,68,75],"pieces":[43],"symbolic":[45],"representation":[46],"the":[48,59,121,124,127,134],"corresponding":[49],"labels":[51],"derived":[52],"by":[53],"its":[54],"composer":[55],"B\u00e9la":[56],"Bart\u00f3k":[57],"publishers.":[60],"As":[61],"part":[62],"methodology,":[65],"propose":[67],"technique":[69],"feature":[70],"representations":[71],"based":[72,111],"on":[73,101,151],"different":[74],"fingering":[76,110],"algorithms.":[77],"use":[79],"these":[80],"features":[81,112],"input":[83],"two":[85],"classifiers:":[86],"Gated":[88],"Recurrent":[89],"Unit":[90],"neural":[91],"network":[92],"(GRU)":[93],"with":[94,129],"attention":[95,130],"mechanism":[96,131],"gradient-boosted":[98,135],"trees":[99],"trained":[100],"segments.":[103],"show":[105],"that":[106],"perform":[113],"better":[114],"than":[115],"simple":[117],"baseline":[118],"considering":[119],"solely":[120],"notes":[122],"score.":[125],"Furthermore,":[126],"GRU":[128],"classifier":[132],"surpasses":[133],"trees.":[136],"Our":[137],"proposed":[138],"models":[139],"are":[140,143,167],"interpretable":[141],"capable":[144],"generating":[146],"feedback":[148],"both":[149],"locally,":[150],"short":[152],"term":[153],"segments,":[154],"globally,":[156],"whole":[158],"pieces.":[159],"Code,":[160],"datasets,":[161],"models,":[162],"an":[164],"online":[165],"demo":[166],"made":[168],"available":[169],"reproducibility.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
