{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4225299984","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp43922.2022.9747058","title":"Improving Class Activation Map for Weakly Supervised Object Localization","display_name":"Improving Class Activation Map for Weakly Supervised Object Localization","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4225299984","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp43922.2022.9747058"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp43922.2022.9747058","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp43922.2022.9747058","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607702","display_name":"ICASSP 2022 - 2022 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICASSP 2022 - 2022 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003284833","display_name":"Zhenfei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2692-6242"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I392282","display_name":"University at Albany, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/012zs8222","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I392282"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113508548","display_name":"Albany State University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vme4277","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113508548"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhenfei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University at Albany,State University of New York,NY,USA","State University of New York, University at Albany, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University at Albany,State University of New York,NY,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113508548"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State University of New York, University at Albany, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I392282","https://openalex.org/I113508548","https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012638803","display_name":"Ming\u2010Ching Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9325-5341"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I392282","display_name":"University at Albany, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/012zs8222","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I392282"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113508548","display_name":"Albany State University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vme4277","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113508548"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming-Ching Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University at Albany,State University of New York,NY,USA","State University of New York, University at Albany, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University at Albany,State University of New York,NY,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113508548"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State University of New York, University at Albany, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I392282","https://openalex.org/I113508548","https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101511820","display_name":"Tien D. Bui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6005-4375"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60158472","display_name":"Concordia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0420zvk78","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tien D. Bui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Concordia University,Montreal,Quebec,Canada","Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Concordia University,Montreal,Quebec,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003284833"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113508548","https://openalex.org/I392282","https://openalex.org/I57206974"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4198,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69506631,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2624","last_page":"2628"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7959520816802979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7724456787109375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thresholding","display_name":"Thresholding","score":0.6758362650871277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.6449412703514099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6316674947738647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.5738948583602905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pooling","display_name":"Pooling","score":0.5733455419540405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.5681347846984863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.5128017067909241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minimum-bounding-box","display_name":"Minimum bounding box","score":0.503048837184906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.4959202706813812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bounding-overwatch","display_name":"Bounding overwatch","score":0.44160670042037964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperparameter","display_name":"Hyperparameter","score":0.4364067018032074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.37165650725364685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.30723321437835693}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7959520816802979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7724456787109375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191178318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2256906","display_name":"Thresholding","level":3,"score":0.6758362650871277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.6449412703514099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6316674947738647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.5738948583602905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70437156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7228652","display_name":"Pooling","level":2,"score":0.5733455419540405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5681347846984863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.5128017067909241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147037132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865426","display_name":"Minimum bounding box","level":3,"score":0.503048837184906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.4959202706813812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63584917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333286","display_name":"Bounding overwatch","level":2,"score":0.44160670042037964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8642999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4171168","display_name":"Hyperparameter","level":2,"score":0.4364067018032074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.37165650725364685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.30723321437835693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp43922.2022.9747058","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp43922.2022.9747058","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607702","display_name":"ICASSP 2022 - 2022 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICASSP 2022 - 2022 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7699999809265137}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1797268635","https://openalex.org/W1936750108","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2295107390","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2883554151","https://openalex.org/W2950557962","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963045696","https://openalex.org/W2964274719","https://openalex.org/W2990371274","https://openalex.org/W2998145016","https://openalex.org/W3035318183","https://openalex.org/W3035712793","https://openalex.org/W3103376464","https://openalex.org/W3108052345","https://openalex.org/W3110272085","https://openalex.org/W3120288328","https://openalex.org/W3142837074","https://openalex.org/W3161126843","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6638319203","https://openalex.org/W6638444622","https://openalex.org/W6682849425"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4237171675","https://openalex.org/W3036286480","https://openalex.org/W4287027631","https://openalex.org/W3192357901","https://openalex.org/W2387360586","https://openalex.org/W2952736415","https://openalex.org/W3209723314","https://openalex.org/W3205398323","https://openalex.org/W2883297582","https://openalex.org/W4390524233"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,74,127],"propose":[1,81],"a":[2,15,19,37,82,109],"Weakly":[3],"Supervised":[4],"Object":[5],"Localization":[6],"(WSOL)":[7],"method":[8,118],"that":[9,129],"can":[10,133],"locate":[11],"an":[12],"object":[13,59,69,115],"within":[14],"given":[16],"image":[17],"using":[18,90],"pre-trained":[20,45],"network":[21,46],"learned":[22],"with":[23],"only":[24,63],"class":[25],"labels":[26],"without":[27],"location":[28],"annotations.":[29],"Most":[30],"existing":[31],"WSOL":[32,78],"methods":[33],"rely":[34],"on":[35,139],"thresholding":[36],"Class":[38],"Activation":[39],"Map":[40],"(CAM)":[41],"generated":[42],"by":[43],"the":[44,51,64,68,87,103,140],"to":[47,99,112],"highlight":[48],"and":[49,80,142],"localize":[50],"object.":[52],"However":[53],"such":[54],"approaches":[55,79],"often":[56],"produce":[57],"incomplete":[58],"bounding":[60],"boxes,":[61],"as":[62],"discriminative":[65],"parts":[66],"of":[67,102],"are":[70],"selected":[71],"during":[72],"thresholding.":[73],"revisit":[75],"current":[76],"CAM-based":[77],"pipeline":[83],"to:":[84],"(1)":[85],"refine":[86],"CAM":[88],"map":[89],"Weighted":[91],"Global":[92],"Average":[93],"Pooling":[94],"(WGAP),":[95],"(2)":[96],"recombine":[97],"weights":[98],"make":[100],"use":[101],"negative":[104],"features,":[105],"(3)":[106],"adaptively":[107],"select":[108],"suitable":[110],"threshold":[111],"achieve":[113,134],"better":[114],"localization.":[116],"Our":[117],"does":[119],"not":[120],"require":[121],"additional":[122],"learning":[123],"or":[124],"hyperparameter":[125],"tuning.":[126],"show":[128],"our":[130],"simple":[131],"approach":[132],"competitive":[135],"results":[136],"when":[137],"evaluated":[138],"CUB-200-2011":[141],"ILSVRC":[143],"2016":[144],"datasets":[145],"against":[146],"other":[147],"state-of-the-art":[148],"methods.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}