{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4225324994","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp43922.2022.9747008","title":"QA4QG: Using Question Answering to Constrain Multi-Hop Question Generation","display_name":"QA4QG: Using Question Answering to Constrain Multi-Hop Question Generation","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4225324994","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp43922.2022.9747008"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp43922.2022.9747008","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp43922.2022.9747008","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607702","display_name":"ICASSP 2022 - 2022 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICASSP 2022 - 2022 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075183307","display_name":"Dan Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5746-9545"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164862","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/05p590m36","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164862"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["CA","HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dan Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology,Center for Artificial Intelligence Research (CAiRE),Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering","Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Center for Artificial Intelligence Research (CAiRE), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology,Center for Artificial Intelligence Research (CAiRE),Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164862","https://openalex.org/I889458895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Center for Artificial Intelligence Research (CAiRE), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079","https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077532535","display_name":"Peng Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3399-9722"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164862","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/05p590m36","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164862"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["CA","HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology,Center for Artificial Intelligence Research (CAiRE),Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering","Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Center for Artificial Intelligence Research (CAiRE), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology,Center for Artificial Intelligence Research (CAiRE),Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164862","https://openalex.org/I889458895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Center for Artificial Intelligence Research (CAiRE), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079","https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065856469","display_name":"Pascale Fung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0628-7132"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164862","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/05p590m36","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164862"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["CA","HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pascale Fung","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology,Center for Artificial Intelligence Research (CAiRE),Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering","Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Center for Artificial Intelligence Research (CAiRE), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology,Center for Artificial Intelligence Research (CAiRE),Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164862","https://openalex.org/I889458895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Center for Artificial Intelligence Research (CAiRE), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079","https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"8232","last_page":"8236"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8277314901351929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/question-answering","display_name":"Question answering","score":0.7755955457687378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.6507161259651184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.5645432472229004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hop","display_name":"Hop (telecommunications)","score":0.5488787293434143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5017540454864502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.4986577033996582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4583984315395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3733424246311188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.32906994223594666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.29087603092193604}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8277314901351929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44291984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074173","display_name":"Question answering","level":2,"score":0.7755955457687378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.6507161259651184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.5645432472229004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25906391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1432381","display_name":"Hop (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.5488787293434143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5017540454864502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.4986577033996582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4583984315395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3733424246311188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.32906994223594666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.29087603092193604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp43922.2022.9747008","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp43922.2022.9747008","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607702","display_name":"ICASSP 2022 - 2022 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICASSP 2022 - 2022 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-118424","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.hkust.edu.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-118424","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2624022918","https://openalex.org/W2807750936","https://openalex.org/W2889787757","https://openalex.org/W2891946694","https://openalex.org/W2970796366","https://openalex.org/W3012643966","https://openalex.org/W3034383728","https://openalex.org/W3034999214","https://openalex.org/W3035101045","https://openalex.org/W3093354052","https://openalex.org/W3097239661","https://openalex.org/W3099876468","https://openalex.org/W3101126923","https://openalex.org/W3105055324","https://openalex.org/W3110038866","https://openalex.org/W3116480376","https://openalex.org/W3117289850","https://openalex.org/W4287635535","https://openalex.org/W6739136287","https://openalex.org/W6784492784"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4381058564","https://openalex.org/W3003945460","https://openalex.org/W4388937922","https://openalex.org/W4288267738","https://openalex.org/W4288365749","https://openalex.org/W2964413124","https://openalex.org/W2936497627","https://openalex.org/W3013624417","https://openalex.org/W4287826556","https://openalex.org/W3098382480"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multi-hop":[0],"question":[1,60],"generation":[2],"(MQG)":[3],"aims":[4],"to":[5,32,102,132],"generate":[6],"com-plex":[7],"questions":[8,53],"which":[9],"require":[10],"reasoning":[11,39],"over":[12],"multiple":[13],"pieces":[14],"of":[15,17,49,124,143],"information":[16],"the":[18,34,50,68,92,105,111,133,141,152],"input":[19],"passage.":[20],"Most":[21],"existing":[22],"work":[23,139],"on":[24,28,58,110],"MQG":[25,153],"has":[26],"focused":[27],"exploring":[29],"graph-based":[30],"networks":[31],"equip":[33],"traditional":[35],"Sequence-to-sequence":[36],"framework":[37,87],"with":[38,96,121],"ability.":[40],"However,":[41],"these":[42],"models":[43,147],"do":[44],"not":[45],"take":[46],"full":[47],"advantage":[48,142],"constraint":[51],"between":[52],"and":[54,127,148],"answers.":[55],"Furthermore,":[56],"studies":[57],"multi-hop":[59,72,99],"answering":[61],"(QA)":[62],"suggest":[63],"that":[64,115],"Transformers":[65],"can":[66],"replace":[67],"graph":[69],"structure":[70],"for":[71,88,151],"reasoning.":[73],"Therefore,":[74],"in":[75],"this":[76],"work,":[77],"we":[78],"propose":[79],"a":[80,84],"novel":[81],"framework,":[82],"QA4QG,":[83],"QA-augmented":[85],"BART-based":[86],"MQG.":[89],"It":[90],"augments":[91],"standard":[93],"BART":[94],"model":[95],"an":[97,122],"additional":[98],"QA":[100,149],"module":[101,150],"further":[103],"con-strain":[104],"generated":[106],"question.":[107],"Our":[108,138],"results":[109,135],"HotpotQA":[112],"dataset":[113],"show":[114],"QA4QG":[116],"outperforms":[117],"all":[118],"state-of-the-art":[119],"models,":[120],"increase":[123],"8":[125,128],"BLEU-4":[126],"ROUGE":[129],"points":[130],"compared":[131],"best":[134],"previously":[136],"reported.":[137],"suggests":[140],"introducing":[144],"pre-trained":[145],"language":[146],"task.":[154]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
