{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4225322339","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp43922.2022.9746696","title":"Augmentation Strategy Optimization for Language Understanding","display_name":"Augmentation Strategy Optimization for Language Understanding","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4225322339","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp43922.2022.9746696"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp43922.2022.9746696","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp43922.2022.9746696","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607702","display_name":"ICASSP 2022 - 2022 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICASSP 2022 - 2022 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087798962","display_name":"Chang-Ting Chu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chang-Ting Chu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University,Dept of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Taiwan","Dept of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University,Dept of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043243811","display_name":"Mahdin Rohmatillah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8417-2165"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahdin Rohmatillah","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University,Dept of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Taiwan","Dept of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University,Dept of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030192717","display_name":"Ching-Hsien Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142066694","display_name":"ITRI International","ror":"https://ror.org/04wwsbd59","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142066694"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148468","display_name":"Industrial Technology Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05szzwt63","country_code":"TW","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]}],"countries":["TW","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ching-Hsien Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Industrial Technology Research Institute,Computational Intelligence Technology Center,Taiwan","Computational Intelligence Technology Center, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Industrial Technology Research Institute,Computational Intelligence Technology Center,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142066694","https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computational Intelligence Technology Center, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061908942","display_name":"Jen\u2010Tzung Chien","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3466-8941"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jen-Tzung Chien","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University,Dept of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Taiwan","Dept of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University,Dept of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"7952","last_page":"7956"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8226953744888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.6153429746627808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximization","display_name":"Maximization","score":0.5985314846038818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5706939697265625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.5639157891273499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5542362928390503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5461243391036987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.44343024492263794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.34374845027923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.1813359558582306}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8226953744888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.6153429746627808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776330181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18358244","display_name":"Maximization","level":2,"score":0.5985314846038818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5706939697265625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.5639157891273499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5542362928390503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5461243391036987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.44343024492263794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.34374845027923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.1813359558582306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp43922.2022.9746696","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp43922.2022.9746696","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607702","display_name":"ICASSP 2022 - 2022 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICASSP 2022 - 2022 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2070246124","https://openalex.org/W2100529970","https://openalex.org/W2114524997","https://openalex.org/W2119717200","https://openalex.org/W2160660844","https://openalex.org/W2251939518","https://openalex.org/W2342045095","https://openalex.org/W2405331948","https://openalex.org/W2594978815","https://openalex.org/W2607037079","https://openalex.org/W2807546609","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2949736877","https://openalex.org/W2963216553","https://openalex.org/W2964230347","https://openalex.org/W2964411643","https://openalex.org/W2964857826","https://openalex.org/W2965373594","https://openalex.org/W2970418174","https://openalex.org/W2971296908","https://openalex.org/W3026732421","https://openalex.org/W3038083940","https://openalex.org/W3096831136","https://openalex.org/W3100859887","https://openalex.org/W3120793869","https://openalex.org/W3157374291","https://openalex.org/W3197004354","https://openalex.org/W3208178363","https://openalex.org/W4210790685","https://openalex.org/W4224925597","https://openalex.org/W6691459498","https://openalex.org/W6734807902","https://openalex.org/W6755207826","https://openalex.org/W6766673545","https://openalex.org/W6777837344","https://openalex.org/W6779977557","https://openalex.org/W6784174446","https://openalex.org/W6794089841"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4306904969","https://openalex.org/W2138720691","https://openalex.org/W4362501864","https://openalex.org/W4380318855","https://openalex.org/W3084456289","https://openalex.org/W2024136090","https://openalex.org/W4391331176","https://openalex.org/W2031695474","https://openalex.org/W2586732548","https://openalex.org/W2964765435"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,31,54,110],"new":[4,55],"language":[5],"processing":[6],"and":[7,34,47],"understanding":[8,35],"where":[9,42],"an":[10],"adaptive":[11,80],"data":[12,130,161],"augmentation":[13,81,117,129],"strategy":[14,118],"for":[15,26,39,79,86],"individual":[16],"documents":[17],"is":[18,37,64,83],"proposed":[19,167],"instead":[20],"of":[21,70,93,145,158],"using":[22],"one":[23],"universal":[24],"policy":[25,82,146],"the":[27,43,60,68,71,77,91,95,101,116,122,139,143,156,159,166],"whole":[28],"dataset.":[29],"Importantly,":[30],"reinforcement":[32],"learning":[33],"method":[36],"exploited":[38],"document":[40,44],"classification":[41,107],"encoder,":[45],"augmenter":[46],"classifier":[48],"are":[49,150],"jointly":[50],"optimized.":[51],"In":[52],"particular,":[53],"reward":[56,78],"function":[57],"based":[58],"on":[59,105,142],"consistency":[61],"loss":[62],"maximization":[63],"presented":[65],"to":[66,154],"assure":[67,155],"diversity":[69,157],"generated":[72],"documents.":[73],"Using":[74],"this":[75],"method,":[76],"immediately":[84],"calculated":[85],"every":[87],"augmented":[88,160],"instance":[89],"without":[90],"need":[92],"waiting":[94],"child":[96],"model":[97,113,123],"performance":[98],"metrics":[99],"as":[100],"reward.":[102],"The":[103],"experiments":[104],"various":[106],"tasks":[108],"with":[109],"strong":[111],"baseline":[112],"show":[114],"that":[115,162],"optimization":[119],"can":[120],"improve":[121],"training":[124],"process":[125],"by":[126,165],"providing":[127],"meaningful":[128],"which":[131],"eventually":[132],"result":[133],"in":[134,147,152],"desirable":[135],"evaluation":[136],"performance.":[137],"Furthermore,":[138],"extensive":[140],"studies":[141],"behavior":[144],"different":[148],"settings":[149],"provided":[151],"order":[153],"was":[163],"obtained":[164],"method.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}