{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3197831948","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp43922.2022.9746597","title":"Eyes Tell All: Irregular Pupil Shapes Reveal GAN-Generated Faces","display_name":"Eyes Tell All: Irregular Pupil Shapes Reveal GAN-Generated Faces","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3197831948","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp43922.2022.9746597","mag":"3197831948"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp43922.2022.9746597","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp43922.2022.9746597","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607702","display_name":"ICASSP 2022 - 2022 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICASSP 2022 - 2022 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006026396","display_name":"Guo Hui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6641-7410"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113508548","display_name":"Albany State University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vme4277","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113508548"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I392282","display_name":"University at Albany, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/012zs8222","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I392282"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hui Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["University at Albany,State University of New York,USA","State University of New York, University at Albany, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University at Albany,State University of New York,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113508548","https://openalex.org/I392282"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State University of New York, University at Albany, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I392282","https://openalex.org/I113508548","https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100687829","display_name":"Shu Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1446-4140"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shu Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University at Buffalo,State University of New York,USA","State University of New York, University at Buffalo, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University at Buffalo,State University of New York,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State University of New York, University at Buffalo, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737","https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100327844","display_name":"Xin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8639-3818"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University at Buffalo,State University of New York,USA","Keya Medical, Seattle, Washington, USA","State University of New York, University at Buffalo, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University at Buffalo,State University of New York,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Keya Medical, Seattle, Washington, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State University of New York, University at Buffalo, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737","https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012638803","display_name":"Ming\u2010Ching Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9325-5341"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113508548","display_name":"Albany State University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vme4277","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113508548"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I392282","display_name":"University at Albany, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/012zs8222","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I392282"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming-Ching Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University at Albany,State University of New York,USA","State University of New York, University at Albany, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University at Albany,State University of New York,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113508548","https://openalex.org/I392282"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State University of New York, University at Albany, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I392282","https://openalex.org/I113508548","https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023752172","display_name":"Siwei Lyu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0992-685X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siwei Lyu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University at Buffalo,State University of New York,USA","State University of New York, University at Buffalo, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University at Buffalo,State University of New York,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State University of New York, University at Buffalo, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737","https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006026396"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113508548","https://openalex.org/I392282","https://openalex.org/I57206974"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.1678,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":88,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96564696,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2904","last_page":"2908"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7434327602386475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.7065844535827637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simplicity","display_name":"Simplicity","score":0.6594610214233398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.6145627498626709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5679539442062378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5353918671607971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.4714706242084503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-adversarial-network","display_name":"Generative adversarial network","score":0.4638049602508545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pupil","display_name":"Pupil","score":0.41436925530433655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.34304574131965637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.26716649532318115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.20016071200370789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.12677398324012756}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7434327602386475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.7065844535827637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776372474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q508291","display_name":"Simplicity","level":2,"score":0.6594610214233398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.6145627498626709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5679539442062378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5353918671607971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4714706242084503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988773926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25104379","display_name":"Generative adversarial network","level":3,"score":0.4638049602508545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777394604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173318","display_name":"Pupil","level":2,"score":0.41436925530433655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.34304574131965637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.26716649532318115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.20016071200370789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12677398324012756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp43922.2022.9746597","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp43922.2022.9746597","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607702","display_name":"ICASSP 2022 - 2022 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICASSP 2022 - 2022 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5099999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2115252128","https://openalex.org/W2140427427","https://openalex.org/W2726991241","https://openalex.org/W2888519208","https://openalex.org/W2904996883","https://openalex.org/W2907295878","https://openalex.org/W2913399670","https://openalex.org/W2955425717","https://openalex.org/W2959409678","https://openalex.org/W2962760235","https://openalex.org/W2962770929","https://openalex.org/W2963684180","https://openalex.org/W2991318208","https://openalex.org/W3010699567","https://openalex.org/W3011990345","https://openalex.org/W3015333541","https://openalex.org/W3034530968","https://openalex.org/W3034577585","https://openalex.org/W3034795015","https://openalex.org/W3035574324","https://openalex.org/W3036836012","https://openalex.org/W3043994911","https://openalex.org/W3089415123","https://openalex.org/W3163387060","https://openalex.org/W3170019900","https://openalex.org/W3174807077","https://openalex.org/W3179128750","https://openalex.org/W3184257017","https://openalex.org/W3188353775","https://openalex.org/W3197009661","https://openalex.org/W3198846190","https://openalex.org/W4214748882","https://openalex.org/W4287124576","https://openalex.org/W4289106821","https://openalex.org/W4294643831","https://openalex.org/W6677618333","https://openalex.org/W6745560452","https://openalex.org/W6757093574","https://openalex.org/W6762718338","https://openalex.org/W6781114857","https://openalex.org/W6784243975","https://openalex.org/W6796353777","https://openalex.org/W6797179183","https://openalex.org/W6799031293","https://openalex.org/W6800547485"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2888032422","https://openalex.org/W4210468674","https://openalex.org/W2996316059","https://openalex.org/W4377980832","https://openalex.org/W2897769091","https://openalex.org/W2845413374","https://openalex.org/W3005996785","https://openalex.org/W4297411772","https://openalex.org/W4235873501","https://openalex.org/W4394583518"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Generative":[0],"adversarial":[1],"network":[2],"(GAN)":[3],"generated":[4,112],"high-realistic":[5],"human":[6],"faces":[7,42,94],"are":[8],"visually":[9],"challenging":[10],"to":[11,30,80,91],"discern":[12],"from":[13,84,95],"real":[14,96],"ones.":[15,97],"They":[16],"have":[17],"been":[18],"used":[19],"as":[20],"profile":[21],"images":[22],"for":[23],"fake":[24],"social":[25,33],"media":[26],"accounts,":[27],"which":[28],"leads":[29],"high":[31],"negative":[32],"impacts.":[34],"In":[35],"this":[36],"work,":[37],"we":[38],"show":[39],"that":[40,66],"GAN-generated":[41,73,93],"can":[43],"be":[44],"exposed":[45],"via":[46],"irregular":[47],"pupil":[48],"shapes.":[49],"This":[50],"phenomenon":[51],"is":[52],"caused":[53],"by":[54],"the":[55,61,82,85,106,116],"lack":[56],"of":[57,102,120],"physiological":[58],"constraints":[59],"in":[60,71],"GAN":[62],"models.":[63],"We":[64,75],"demonstrate":[65,115],"such":[67],"artifacts":[68],"exist":[69],"widely":[70],"high-quality":[72],"faces.":[74],"design":[76],"an":[77],"automatic":[78],"method":[79,104],"segment":[81],"pupils":[83],"eyes":[86],"and":[87,99,109,118],"analyze":[88],"their":[89],"shapes":[90],"distinguish":[92],"Qualitative":[98],"quantitative":[100],"evaluations":[101],"our":[103,121],"on":[105],"Flickr-Faces-HQ":[107],"dataset":[108,114],"a":[110],"StyleGAN2":[111],"face":[113],"effectiveness":[117],"simplicity":[119],"method.":[122]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-05T09:29:38.588285","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}