{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4224928645","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp43922.2022.9746472","title":"Weak Target Detection in Massive MIMO Radar via an Improved Reinforcement Learning Approach","display_name":"Weak Target Detection in Massive MIMO Radar via an Improved Reinforcement Learning Approach","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4224928645","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp43922.2022.9746472"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp43922.2022.9746472","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp43922.2022.9746472","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607702","display_name":"ICASSP 2022 - 2022 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICASSP 2022 - 2022 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048497884","display_name":"Weitong Zhai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7831-3857"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weitong Zhai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beihang University,School of Electronic and Information Engineering,Beijing,China","School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beihang University,School of Electronic and Information Engineering,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100609660","display_name":"Xiangrong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1893-7606"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangrong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beihang University,School of Electronic and Information Engineering,Beijing,China","School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beihang University,School of Electronic and Information Engineering,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075507631","display_name":"Maria Greco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3804-2949"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria S. Greco","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pisa,Department of Information Engineering,Pisa,Italy","Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pisa,Department of Information Engineering,Pisa,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014201482","display_name":"Fulvio Gini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5362-7320"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fulvio Gini","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pisa,Department of Information Engineering,Pisa,Italy","Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pisa,Department of Information Engineering,Pisa,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.6096,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97041914,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"4993","last_page":"4997"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7883429527282715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.7776211500167847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.5062764883041382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveform","display_name":"Waveform","score":0.5026636123657227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-power","display_name":"Statistical power","score":0.4822176694869995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detection-theory","display_name":"Detection theory","score":0.4807031750679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.43942689895629883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.4328257441520691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.38287580013275146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.22606617212295532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10959023237228394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.08471322059631348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.08349394798278809}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7883429527282715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.7776211500167847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.5062764883041382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197424946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165717","display_name":"Waveform","level":3,"score":0.5026636123657227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96608239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1199823","display_name":"Statistical power","level":2,"score":0.4822176694869995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137270730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120811","display_name":"Detection theory","level":3,"score":0.4807031750679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.43942689895629883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.4328257441520691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.38287580013275146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.22606617212295532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10959023237228394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.08471322059631348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.08349394798278809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp43922.2022.9746472","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp43922.2022.9746472","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607702","display_name":"ICASSP 2022 - 2022 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICASSP 2022 - 2022 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arpi.unipi.it:11568/1176834","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11568/1176834","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196265","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutial research information system (University of Pisa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","host_organization_name":"University of Pisa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2037050360","https://openalex.org/W2050532949","https://openalex.org/W2050874550","https://openalex.org/W2052019609","https://openalex.org/W2063146632","https://openalex.org/W2122541426","https://openalex.org/W2128367393","https://openalex.org/W2152293874","https://openalex.org/W2195832715","https://openalex.org/W2324761749","https://openalex.org/W2330070481","https://openalex.org/W2529879297","https://openalex.org/W2708665101","https://openalex.org/W2808229539","https://openalex.org/W2811404158","https://openalex.org/W2999272775","https://openalex.org/W3012445440","https://openalex.org/W3017347546","https://openalex.org/W3021626167","https://openalex.org/W3104736433","https://openalex.org/W3133546437","https://openalex.org/W3177080099","https://openalex.org/W4214717370","https://openalex.org/W6787163437"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4306904969","https://openalex.org/W2138720691","https://openalex.org/W4362501864","https://openalex.org/W4380318855","https://openalex.org/W3084456289","https://openalex.org/W2162650426","https://openalex.org/W2349411638","https://openalex.org/W2388242297","https://openalex.org/W2138552207","https://openalex.org/W2532958441"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Massive":[0],"multi-input-multi-output":[1],"(MMIMO)":[2],"cognitive":[3],"radar":[4],"can":[5],"enhance":[6,66],"the":[7,67,74,77,87,91,99,102,113,123,128,139,150,159,162],"target":[8,169],"detection":[9,34,42,68,93,103,124],"ability":[10],"in":[11,35],"a":[12,16,26],"dynamic":[13],"environment":[14],"via":[15],"continuous":[17],"\"perception-action\"":[18],"cycle.":[19],"In":[20,55,73,126],"our":[21],"previous":[22],"work,":[23],"we":[24,58],"proposed":[25],"reinforcement":[27],"learning":[28],"(RL)":[29],"based":[30,63,165],"approach":[31],"for":[32,44,167],"multi-target":[33],"MMIMO.":[36],"However,":[37],"this":[38,56],"method":[39,64,166],"shows":[40],"poor":[41],"performance":[43],"weak":[45,71,96,110,168],"targets":[46,97],"attributed":[47],"to":[48,65,120,157],"its":[49],"imperfect":[50],"action":[51,75],"and":[52,84,98],"reward":[53,114],"mechanisms.":[54],"paper,":[57],"propose":[59],"an":[60,135],"improved":[61,163],"RL":[62,117,164],"probability":[69,94,104],"of":[70,95,116,138,141,161],"targets.":[72,111],"stage,":[76],"transmit":[78,129,145],"power":[79,108],"is":[80,118,132],"divided":[81],"into":[82],"omni-directional":[83],"directional":[85],"components,":[86],"former":[88],"significantly":[89],"reduces":[90],"missed":[92],"latter":[100],"improves":[101],"by":[105,134],"focusing":[106],"more":[107],"on":[109],"Moreover,":[112],"mechanism":[115],"modified":[119],"further":[121],"improve":[122],"performance.":[125],"addition,":[127],"weight":[130],"matrix":[131],"designed":[133],"optimum":[136],"combination":[137],"beampatterns":[140],"all":[142],"unit":[143],"orthogonal":[144],"waveforms,":[146],"thus":[147],"greatly":[148],"reducing":[149],"computational":[151],"complexity.":[152],"Simulation":[153],"results":[154],"are":[155],"provided":[156],"demonstrate":[158],"effectiveness":[160],"detection.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
