{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4224924137","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp43922.2022.9746396","title":"A CRLB Analysis of AoA Estimation Using Bluetooth 5","display_name":"A CRLB Analysis of AoA Estimation Using Bluetooth 5","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4224924137","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp43922.2022.9746396"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp43922.2022.9746396","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp43922.2022.9746396","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607702","display_name":"ICASSP 2022 - 2022 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICASSP 2022 - 2022 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029424274","display_name":"Wentao Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2648-1183"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2722730","display_name":"Inner Mongolia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0106qb496","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2722730"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327237609","display_name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01mv9t934","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wentao Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ministry of Education,Engineering Research Center of Ecological Big Data,China","Engineering Research Center of Ecological Big Data, Ministry of Education, China","Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Wireless Networking and Mobile Computing","College of Computer Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry of Education,Engineering Research Center of Ecological Big Data,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Ecological Big Data, Ministry of Education, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Wireless Networking and Mobile Computing","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2722730"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062695688","display_name":"Baoqi Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4027-1756"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2722730","display_name":"Inner Mongolia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0106qb496","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2722730"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327237609","display_name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01mv9t934","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baoqi Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ministry of Education,Engineering Research Center of Ecological Big Data,China","College of Computer Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China","Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Wireless Networking and Mobile Computing","Engineering Research Center of Ecological Big Data, Ministry of Education, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry of Education,Engineering Research Center of Ecological Big Data,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2722730"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Wireless Networking and Mobile Computing","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Ecological Big Data, Ministry of Education, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069032227","display_name":"Kai Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7883-9509"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2722730","display_name":"Inner Mongolia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0106qb496","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2722730"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Inner Mongolia University,College of Electronic Information Engineering,Hohhot,China,010021"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inner Mongolia University,College of Electronic Information Engineering,Hohhot,China,010021","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2722730"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029424274"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I2722730"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6094,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80972654,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"5158","last_page":"5162"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13121","display_name":"Radio Wave Propagation Studies","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/angle-of-arrival","display_name":"Angle of arrival","score":0.8320518732070923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cram\u00e9r\u2013rao-bound","display_name":"Cram\u00e9r\u2013Rao bound","score":0.7434645891189575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bluetooth","display_name":"Bluetooth","score":0.6283447742462158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-and-lower-bounds","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","score":0.6179157495498657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.5980077981948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5802886486053467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4329826235771179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-array","display_name":"Antenna array","score":0.4161127209663391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3722977042198181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.3663012385368347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation-theory","display_name":"Estimation theory","score":0.3195399045944214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.2705286145210266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2680749297142029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.26151543855667114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16906088590621948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1618746519088745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.09636673331260681}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13545353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4763363","display_name":"Angle of arrival","level":3,"score":0.8320518732070923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4978587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138810","display_name":"Cram\u00e9r\u2013Rao bound","level":3,"score":0.7434645891189575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C546215728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39531","display_name":"Bluetooth","level":3,"score":0.6283447742462158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.6179157495498657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.5980077981948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5802886486053467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4329826235771179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62191587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771249","display_name":"Antenna array","level":3,"score":0.4161127209663391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3722977042198181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.3663012385368347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167928553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376021","display_name":"Estimation theory","level":2,"score":0.3195399045944214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.2705286145210266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2680749297142029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.26151543855667114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16906088590621948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1618746519088745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.09636673331260681}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp43922.2022.9746396","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp43922.2022.9746396","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607702","display_name":"ICASSP 2022 - 2022 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICASSP 2022 - 2022 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322868","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1921223479","https://openalex.org/W1975013860","https://openalex.org/W1999933558","https://openalex.org/W2010080819","https://openalex.org/W2059160202","https://openalex.org/W2114005163","https://openalex.org/W2117214867","https://openalex.org/W2410394136","https://openalex.org/W2619603874","https://openalex.org/W2896288916","https://openalex.org/W2897020513","https://openalex.org/W2906226899","https://openalex.org/W2927337361","https://openalex.org/W2940728701","https://openalex.org/W2964029185","https://openalex.org/W2991045726","https://openalex.org/W3000004788","https://openalex.org/W3010901201","https://openalex.org/W3022013625","https://openalex.org/W3025689106","https://openalex.org/W3030289159","https://openalex.org/W3098143411","https://openalex.org/W3137677720","https://openalex.org/W4288124122","https://openalex.org/W6639951252"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2113353934","https://openalex.org/W2139969424","https://openalex.org/W2070605969","https://openalex.org/W2888740836","https://openalex.org/W3195981182","https://openalex.org/W4289793024","https://openalex.org/W2108222834","https://openalex.org/W2060811882","https://openalex.org/W2989899535","https://openalex.org/W2174115052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Angle":[0],"of":[1,6,24,83,86,114],"arrival":[2],"(AoA)":[3],"and":[4,19,74,77,93,108],"angle":[5],"departure":[7],"(AoD)":[8],"are":[9,99],"introduced":[10],"in":[11],"Bluetooth":[12,28],"5":[13,29],"to":[14,60],"better":[15],"support":[16],"indoor":[17],"localization":[18],"tracking.":[20],"However,":[21],"the":[22,81,84],"performance":[23,64],"AoA":[25,97],"estimation":[26,98],"using":[27],"is":[30,58,105,117],"not":[31],"thoroughly":[32],"understood":[33],"at":[34],"present.":[35],"In":[36],"this":[37],"paper,":[38],"a":[39,109],"Cram\u00e9r-Rao":[40],"lower":[41],"bound":[42],"(CRLB)":[43],"model,":[44],"taking":[45],"into":[46],"account":[47],"Constant":[48],"Tone":[49],"Extension":[50],"(CTE)":[51],"signals":[52],"firstly":[53],"adopted":[54],"by":[55],"Bluethooth":[56],"5,":[57],"proposed":[59],"theoretically":[61],"analyze":[62],"its":[63],"given":[65],"different":[66,112],"uniform":[67],"antenna":[68,89,115],"arrays,":[69,76],"such":[70],"as":[71,119],"linear,":[72],"rectangular":[73],"circular":[75],"on":[78,96],"these":[79],"grounds,":[80],"effects":[82],"number":[85],"antennas,":[87],"inter":[88],"distance,":[90],"incident":[91],"angle,":[92],"CTE":[94],"parameters":[95],"carefully":[100],"investigated.":[101],"A":[102],"simulation":[103],"analysis":[104],"carried":[106],"out":[107],"comparison":[110],"between":[111],"types":[113],"arrays":[116],"reported":[118],"well.":[120]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}