{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4224918221","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp43922.2022.9746133","title":"Stacked Multi-Scale Attention Network for Image Colorization","display_name":"Stacked Multi-Scale Attention Network for Image Colorization","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4224918221","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp43922.2022.9746133"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp43922.2022.9746133","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp43922.2022.9746133","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607702","display_name":"ICASSP 2022 - 2022 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICASSP 2022 - 2022 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007360513","display_name":"Bin Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5840-9664"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bin Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hunan University,College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering,Changsha,China","College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan University,College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering,Changsha,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057072312","display_name":"Fangqiang Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fangqiang Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hunan University,College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering,Changsha,China","College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan University,College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering,Changsha,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110575449","display_name":"Jun Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9942-430X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hunan University,College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering,Changsha,China","College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan University,College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering,Changsha,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100604018","display_name":"Chao Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8774-8115"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hunan University,College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering,Changsha,China","College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan University,College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering,Changsha,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101399361","display_name":"Wei Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4817-8858"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hunan University,College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering,Changsha,China","College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan University,College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering,Changsha,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101519900","display_name":"Yun Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yun Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hunan University,College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering,Changsha,China","College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan University,College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering,Changsha,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007360513"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0599,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.22686439,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"9907","issue":null,"first_page":"2225","last_page":"2229"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9883999824523926,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7865073680877686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7528301477432251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.6779966354370117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.598818838596344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.5851442217826843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5818392038345337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.5725241899490356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.5708912014961243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.514558732509613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.47197896242141724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.4541350305080414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.436059832572937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/limit","display_name":"Limit (mathematics)","score":0.43075525760650635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.42823153734207153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4217183291912079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.41941037774086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09724554419517517}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7865073680877686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7528301477432251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.6779966354370117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.598818838596344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.5851442217826843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5818392038345337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5725241899490356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.5708912014961243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.514558732509613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.47197896242141724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.4541350305080414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.436059832572937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151201525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177239","display_name":"Limit (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.43075525760650635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.42823153734207153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4217183291912079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.41941037774086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09724554419517517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp43922.2022.9746133","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp43922.2022.9746133","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607702","display_name":"ICASSP 2022 - 2022 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICASSP 2022 - 2022 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.75,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1665214252","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1694135408","https://openalex.org/W2007607024","https://openalex.org/W2103496339","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2120963736","https://openalex.org/W2136154655","https://openalex.org/W2160530465","https://openalex.org/W2211456655","https://openalex.org/W2294092488","https://openalex.org/W2295537950","https://openalex.org/W2308529009","https://openalex.org/W2326925005","https://openalex.org/W2331128040","https://openalex.org/W2461158874","https://openalex.org/W2550553598","https://openalex.org/W2612063021","https://openalex.org/W2884585870","https://openalex.org/W2899771611","https://openalex.org/W2902318149","https://openalex.org/W2957365494","https://openalex.org/W2963420686","https://openalex.org/W2963706010","https://openalex.org/W2963904861","https://openalex.org/W2994546229","https://openalex.org/W3000407986","https://openalex.org/W3015860739","https://openalex.org/W3034552520","https://openalex.org/W3034583007","https://openalex.org/W3034838697","https://openalex.org/W3160544877","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6637242042","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6683603579","https://openalex.org/W6701655646","https://openalex.org/W6702130928","https://openalex.org/W6743731764","https://openalex.org/W6753412334","https://openalex.org/W6756040250"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4389116644","https://openalex.org/W2153315159","https://openalex.org/W3103844505","https://openalex.org/W259157601","https://openalex.org/W4205463238","https://openalex.org/W2761785940","https://openalex.org/W1482209366","https://openalex.org/W2110523656","https://openalex.org/W2969228573","https://openalex.org/W2963690996"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"convolutional":[1,118],"networks":[2],"(CNNs)":[3],"show":[4],"their":[5],"potential":[6],"in":[7,36,48,91,116],"image":[8,77,143],"colorization":[9,163],"for":[10,76],"producing":[11],"plausible":[12],"results.":[13],"Recently,":[14],"the":[15,20,56,59,85,112,120,141,152,160],"attention":[16,32,73,114],"mechanism":[17],"further":[18,139],"boosts":[19],"performances":[21],"of":[22,58,87],"CNNs":[23],"by":[24],"constructing":[25],"channel":[26],"and":[27,103,107,147],"spatial":[28],"interactions.":[29],"However,":[30],"existing":[31],"methods":[33],"are":[34,99],"performed":[35],"a":[37,49,70,88,92,133],"single-scale":[38],"manner,":[39],"which":[40],"is":[41,82,136],"hard":[42],"to":[43,61,83,101,128,138],"capture":[44,105],"multi-scale":[45,72,93,106,113],"information":[46],"interactions":[47,98],"limited":[50],"computational":[51],"cost.":[52],"This":[53],"can":[54,122],"limit":[55],"performance":[57],"network":[60,74],"reconstruct":[62,129],"color":[63,130],"channels.":[64,131],"In":[65],"this":[66],"paper,":[67],"we":[68],"propose":[69],"stacked":[71],"(SMSANet)":[75],"colorization.":[78],"The":[79],"core":[80],"idea":[81],"perform":[84],"attentions":[86],"feature":[89],"map":[90],"manner":[94],"so":[95],"that":[96,157],"sufficient":[97],"conducted":[100],"efficiently":[102],"adaptively":[104],"long-range":[108],"dependencies.":[109],"By":[110],"stacking":[111],"layers":[115],"different":[117],"layers,":[119],"SMSANet":[121,158],"focus":[123],"on":[124,151],"more":[125],"discriminative":[126],"features":[127],"Moreover,":[132],"salient":[134],"loss":[135],"designed":[137],"refine":[140],"generated":[142],"at":[144],"both":[145],"pixel-level":[146],"object-level.":[148],"Extensive":[149],"experiments":[150],"ImageNet":[153],"dataset":[154],"have":[155],"demonstrated":[156],"outperforms":[159],"state-of-the-art":[161],"automatic":[162],"methods.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
