{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3016156006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp40776.2020.9054278","title":"Audio-Based Detection of Explicit Content in Music","display_name":"Audio-Based Detection of Explicit Content in Music","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-04-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3016156006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp40776.2020.9054278","mag":"3016156006"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp40776.2020.9054278","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp40776.2020.9054278","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICASSP 2020 - 2020 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002946055","display_name":"Andrea Vaglio","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4403386605","display_name":"PRX Research","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0sw771","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4403386605"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4389425508","display_name":"Sciences et Technologies de la Musique et du Son","ror":"https://ror.org/025xvn046","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I2802818602","https://openalex.org/I35345632","https://openalex.org/I39804081","https://openalex.org/I4210102700","https://openalex.org/I4389425508"]}],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Vaglio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Deezer Research & Development","Sciences et Technologies de la Musique et du Son"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deezer Research & Development","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4403386605"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sciences et Technologies de la Musique et du Son","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4389425508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004879177","display_name":"Romain Hennequin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8158-5562"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4403386605","display_name":"PRX Research","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0sw771","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4403386605"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165912","display_name":"Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l\u2019Information","ror":"https://ror.org/057er4c39","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12356871","https://openalex.org/I4210145102","https://openalex.org/I4210145102","https://openalex.org/I4210165912"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Romain Hennequin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Deezer Research & Development","Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deezer Research & Development","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4403386605"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165912"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030861098","display_name":"Manuel Moussallam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0886-5423"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4403386605","display_name":"PRX Research","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0sw771","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4403386605"]}],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manuel Moussallam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Deezer Research & Development","Deezer R&D"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deezer Research & Development","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4403386605"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deezer R&D","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055423112","display_name":"Ga\u00ebl Richard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4960-0010"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165912","display_name":"Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l\u2019Information","ror":"https://ror.org/057er4c39","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12356871","https://openalex.org/I4210145102","https://openalex.org/I4210145102","https://openalex.org/I4210165912"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802330208","display_name":"Statistics Belgium","ror":"https://ror.org/0246a9012","country_code":"BE","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802330208","https://openalex.org/I4210095879"]}],"countries":["BE","FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gael Richard","raw_affiliation_strings":["LTCI, Institut Polytechnique de Paris","D\u00e9partement Images, Donn\u00e9es, Signal","Signal, Statistique et Apprentissage"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LTCI, Institut Polytechnique de Paris","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165912"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"D\u00e9partement Images, Donn\u00e9es, Signal","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Signal, Statistique et Apprentissage","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802330208"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066766964","display_name":"Florence d\u2019Alch\u00e9\u2013Buc","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8353-0589"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165912","display_name":"Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l\u2019Information","ror":"https://ror.org/057er4c39","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12356871","https://openalex.org/I4210145102","https://openalex.org/I4210145102","https://openalex.org/I4210165912"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Florence d'Alche-Buc","raw_affiliation_strings":["LTCI, Institut Polytechnique de Paris","Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LTCI, Institut Polytechnique de Paris","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165912"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165912"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002946055"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4389425508","https://openalex.org/I4403386605"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5153,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82705727,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"526","last_page":"530"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9864000082015991,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8265137672424316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oracle","display_name":"Oracle","score":0.6656253933906555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lyrics","display_name":"Lyrics","score":0.5658419132232666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.5421385169029236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.530792772769928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.5212157964706421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/audio-signal","display_name":"Audio signal","score":0.5012466907501221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relevance","display_name":"Relevance (law)","score":0.5009775161743164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spotting","display_name":"Spotting","score":0.45758357644081116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.43997761607170105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4057281017303467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-coding","display_name":"Speech coding","score":0.1393994688987732}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8265137672424316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55166926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2892946","display_name":"Oracle","level":2,"score":0.6656253933906555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436406","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q602446","display_name":"Lyrics","level":2,"score":0.5658419132232666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.5421385169029236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.530792772769928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.5212157964706421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64922751","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4650799","display_name":"Audio signal","level":3,"score":0.5012466907501221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.5009775161743164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779506182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7580141","display_name":"Spotting","level":2,"score":0.45758357644081116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.43997761607170105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4057281017303467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13895895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3270773","display_name":"Speech coding","level":2,"score":0.1393994688987732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp40776.2020.9054278","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp40776.2020.9054278","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICASSP 2020 - 2020 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-02747449v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-02747449","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922461","display_name":"SPIRE - Sciences Po Institutional REpository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ICASSP 2020 - 2020 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), May 2020, Barcelona, France. pp.526-530, ⟨10.1109/ICASSP40776.2020.9054278⟩","raw_type":"Conference papers"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.5699999928474426}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1930624869","https://openalex.org/W2034940213","https://openalex.org/W2057745663","https://openalex.org/W2102113734","https://openalex.org/W2127141656","https://openalex.org/W2158880150","https://openalex.org/W2193413348","https://openalex.org/W2212465773","https://openalex.org/W2394955069","https://openalex.org/W2400969690","https://openalex.org/W2621651613","https://openalex.org/W2769205094","https://openalex.org/W2903006902","https://openalex.org/W2917340025","https://openalex.org/W2933412403","https://openalex.org/W2945891342","https://openalex.org/W2962707338","https://openalex.org/W2963451564","https://openalex.org/W2964187693","https://openalex.org/W2998154785","https://openalex.org/W4235128394","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6675365184","https://openalex.org/W6683183305","https://openalex.org/W6687566353","https://openalex.org/W6688089860","https://openalex.org/W6712099778","https://openalex.org/W6713219328","https://openalex.org/W6738953990","https://openalex.org/W6744661987","https://openalex.org/W6760143167"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2360952181","https://openalex.org/W4310670065","https://openalex.org/W634160686","https://openalex.org/W2597614303","https://openalex.org/W3214861561","https://openalex.org/W2389838651","https://openalex.org/W437317580","https://openalex.org/W2352995288","https://openalex.org/W2365365224","https://openalex.org/W1532663766"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,64],"present":[1],"a":[2,24,30,37,73,82,96,101],"novel":[3],"automatic":[4],"system":[5,59],"for":[6,42],"performing":[7],"explicit":[8,56,104],"content":[9,57,105],"detection":[10,58],"directly":[11],"on":[12,61,72,100],"the":[13,43,47,54,66],"audio":[14,62],"signal.":[15],"Our":[16],"modular":[17],"approach":[18,80],"uses":[19],"an":[20,86],"audio-to-character":[21],"recognition":[22],"model,":[23],"keyword":[25],"spotting":[26],"model":[27,41],"associated":[28],"with":[29,95],"dictionary":[31],"of":[32,49,69,75,98],"carefully":[33],"chosen":[34],"keywords,":[35],"and":[36,77,85],"Random":[38],"Forest":[39],"classification":[40],"final":[44],"decision.":[45],"To":[46],"best":[48],"our":[50,70,79],"knowledge,":[51],"this":[52],"is":[53],"first":[55],"based":[60],"only.":[63],"demonstrate":[65],"individual":[67],"relevance":[68],"modules":[71],"set":[74],"sub-tasks":[76],"compare":[78],"to":[81],"lyrics-informed":[83],"oracle":[84],"end-to-end":[87],"naive":[88],"architecture.":[89],"The":[90],"results":[91],"obtained":[92],"are":[93],"encouraging":[94],"F1-score":[97],"67%":[99],"industrial":[102],"scale":[103],"dataset.":[106]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-01-13T01:12:25.745995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}