{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3015746101","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp40776.2020.9053975","title":"A Simple But Effective Bert Model for Dialog State Tracking on Resource-Limited Systems","display_name":"A Simple But Effective Bert Model for Dialog State Tracking on Resource-Limited Systems","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-04-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3015746101","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp40776.2020.9053975","mag":"3015746101"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp40776.2020.9053975","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp40776.2020.9053975","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICASSP 2020 - 2020 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036250098","display_name":"Tuan Lai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1903-6674"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306409833","display_name":"Adobe Systems (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/059tvcg64","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306409833"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tuan Manh Lai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Adobe Research, San Jose"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Adobe Research, San Jose","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306409833"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103867920","display_name":"Quan Hung Tran","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306409833","display_name":"Adobe Systems (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/059tvcg64","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306409833"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Quan Hung Tran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Adobe Research, San Jose"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Adobe Research, San Jose","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306409833"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113663962","display_name":"Trung Bui","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306409833","display_name":"Adobe Systems (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/059tvcg64","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306409833"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Trung Bui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Adobe Research, San Jose"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Adobe Research, San Jose","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306409833"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062293219","display_name":"Daisuke Kihara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4091-6614"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daisuke Kihara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036250098"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306409833"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.7117,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94254744,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"8034","last_page":"8038"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8834848999977112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dialog-box","display_name":"Dialog box","score":0.7754409313201904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5442308783531189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.5269280672073364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simplicity","display_name":"Simplicity","score":0.5249459743499756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5243273377418518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/debugging","display_name":"Debugging","score":0.4839332699775696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/margin","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","score":0.479430615901947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ontology","display_name":"Ontology","score":0.4397476017475128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.4316934645175934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4279317259788513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.18900147080421448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.08315423130989075}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8834848999977112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173853756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q86915","display_name":"Dialog box","level":2,"score":0.7754409313201904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5442308783531189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5269280672073364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776372474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q508291","display_name":"Simplicity","level":2,"score":0.5249459743499756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5243273377418518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168065819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845566","display_name":"Debugging","level":2,"score":0.4839332699775696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C774472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6760393","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.479430615901947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25810664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44325","display_name":"Ontology","level":2,"score":0.4397476017475128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4316934645175934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4279317259788513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.18900147080421448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.08315423130989075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp40776.2020.9053975","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp40776.2020.9053975","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICASSP 2020 - 2020 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.47999998927116394,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1566289585","https://openalex.org/W1821462560","https://openalex.org/W1975244201","https://openalex.org/W2121879602","https://openalex.org/W2134797427","https://openalex.org/W2251058040","https://openalex.org/W2749436976","https://openalex.org/W2763421725","https://openalex.org/W2798367796","https://openalex.org/W2798902093","https://openalex.org/W2891732163","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2924902521","https://openalex.org/W2939340648","https://openalex.org/W2962739339","https://openalex.org/W2963341956","https://openalex.org/W2963403868","https://openalex.org/W2963527209","https://openalex.org/W2963641152","https://openalex.org/W2963674932","https://openalex.org/W2963797754","https://openalex.org/W2964006684","https://openalex.org/W2964101860","https://openalex.org/W2964299589","https://openalex.org/W2972777589","https://openalex.org/W2978017171","https://openalex.org/W4289147179","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W6638523607","https://openalex.org/W6638632666","https://openalex.org/W6704493726","https://openalex.org/W6718074661","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6745245109","https://openalex.org/W6754637164","https://openalex.org/W6755207826","https://openalex.org/W6756633860","https://openalex.org/W6760732026","https://openalex.org/W6768851824"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2887587105","https://openalex.org/W2370437920","https://openalex.org/W628946606","https://openalex.org/W1540872413","https://openalex.org/W1862650538","https://openalex.org/W2124198572","https://openalex.org/W1510650983","https://openalex.org/W1607341183","https://openalex.org/W2124853563","https://openalex.org/W2559205315"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,64,78],"a":[1,61,69,87,129],"task-oriented":[2],"dialog":[3,8,22],"system,":[4],"the":[5,15,18,21,34,93,101,105,112,137,149,160,176],"goal":[6],"of":[7,17,89,95],"state":[9,16],"tracking":[10],"(DST)":[11],"is":[12],"to":[13,54,80,147,164],"monitor":[14],"conversation":[19],"from":[20],"history.":[23],"Recently,":[24],"many":[25],"deep":[26],"learning":[27],"based":[28,75],"methods":[29,127],"have":[30],"been":[31],"proposed":[32],"for":[33,43,155],"task.":[35],"Despite":[36],"their":[37],"impressive":[38],"performance,":[39],"current":[40],"neural":[41],"architectures":[42],"DST":[44,73],"are":[45],"typically":[46],"heavily-engineered":[47],"and":[48,57,152,183],"conceptually":[49],"complex,":[50],"making":[51],"it":[52],"difficult":[53],"implement,":[55],"debug,":[56],"maintain":[58],"them":[59],"in":[60,109],"production":[62],"setting.":[63],"this":[65],"work,":[66],"we":[67,158],"propose":[68],"simple":[70],"but":[71],"effective":[72],"model":[74,106,124,150,171,178],"on":[76,136],"BERT.":[77],"addition":[79],"its":[81],"simplicity,":[82],"our":[83,122,166],"approach":[84],"also":[85],"has":[86],"number":[88,94],"other":[90],"advantages:":[91],"(a)":[92],"parameters":[96],"does":[97],"not":[98],"grow":[99],"with":[100,175],"ontology":[102,114],"size":[103],"(b)":[104],"can":[107],"operate":[108],"situations":[110],"where":[111],"domain":[113],"may":[115],"change":[116],"dynamically.":[117],"Experimental":[118],"results":[119,135,174],"demonstrate":[120],"that":[121],"BERT-based":[123],"outperforms":[125],"previous":[126],"by":[128],"large":[130],"margin,":[131],"achieving":[132],"new":[133],"state-of-the-art":[134],"standard":[138],"WoZ":[139],"2.0":[140],"dataset":[141],"<sup":[142],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[143],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">1</sup>":[144],".":[145],"Finally,":[146],"make":[148],"small":[151],"fast":[153],"enough":[154],"resource-restricted":[156],"systems,":[157],"apply":[159],"knowledge":[161],"distillation":[162],"method":[163],"compress":[165],"model.":[167],"The":[168],"final":[169],"compressed":[170],"achieves":[172],"comparable":[173],"original":[177],"while":[179],"being":[180],"8x":[181],"smaller":[182],"7x":[184],"faster.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
