{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3016252974","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp40776.2020.9053658","title":"Signal-Aware Broadband DOA Estimation Using Attention Mechanisms","display_name":"Signal-Aware Broadband DOA Estimation Using Attention Mechanisms","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-04-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3016252974","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp40776.2020.9053658","mag":"3016252974"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp40776.2020.9053658","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp40776.2020.9053658","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICASSP 2020 - 2020 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049026973","display_name":"Wolfgang Mack","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8489-7382"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123192","display_name":"International Audio Laboratories Erlangen","ror":"https://ror.org/02mkz3e80","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181369854","https://openalex.org/I4210123192","https://openalex.org/I4210124274","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wolfgang Mack","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Audio Laboratories Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Audio Laboratories Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123192"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003238355","display_name":"Ullas Bharadwaj","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123192","display_name":"International Audio Laboratories Erlangen","ror":"https://ror.org/02mkz3e80","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181369854","https://openalex.org/I4210123192","https://openalex.org/I4210124274","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ullas Bharadwaj","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Audio Laboratories Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Audio Laboratories Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123192"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047247941","display_name":"Soumitro Chakrabarty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0846-207X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123192","display_name":"International Audio Laboratories Erlangen","ror":"https://ror.org/02mkz3e80","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181369854","https://openalex.org/I4210123192","https://openalex.org/I4210124274","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Soumitro Chakrabarty","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Audio Laboratories Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Audio Laboratories Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123192"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031626756","display_name":"Emanu\u00ebl A. P. Habets","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2613-8046"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123192","display_name":"International Audio Laboratories Erlangen","ror":"https://ror.org/02mkz3e80","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181369854","https://openalex.org/I4210123192","https://openalex.org/I4210124274","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emanuel A. P. Habets","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Audio Laboratories Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Audio Laboratories Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123192"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049026973"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123192"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.273,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88630678,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"4930","last_page":"4934"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10283","display_name":"Hearing Loss and Rehabilitation","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10822","display_name":"Acoustic Wave Phenomena Research","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7636077404022217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimator","display_name":"Estimator","score":0.7581353187561035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.7343862056732178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oracle","display_name":"Oracle","score":0.6892024278640747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.5754626393318176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-neural-networks","display_name":"Deep neural networks","score":0.5142444968223572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4806019961833954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.48047390580177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.46352654695510864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/direction-of-arrival","display_name":"Direction of arrival","score":0.4135345220565796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.40286004543304443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3532562851905823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.35182785987854004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1504487693309784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.11668002605438232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.09076857566833496}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7636077404022217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.7581353187561035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.7343862056732178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55166926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2892946","display_name":"Oracle","level":2,"score":0.6892024278640747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.5754626393318176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984842247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep neural networks","level":3,"score":0.5142444968223572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4806019961833954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.48047390580177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.46352654695510864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172051844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5280438","display_name":"Direction of arrival","level":3,"score":0.4135345220565796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.40286004543304443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3532562851905823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.35182785987854004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1504487693309784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.11668002605438232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.09076857566833496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp40776.2020.9053658","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp40776.2020.9053658","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICASSP 2020 - 2020 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1422086691","https://openalex.org/W1494198834","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1603075283","https://openalex.org/W2046317813","https://openalex.org/W2061074721","https://openalex.org/W2101658087","https://openalex.org/W2117678320","https://openalex.org/W2128977628","https://openalex.org/W2403149086","https://openalex.org/W2551990143","https://openalex.org/W2563608090","https://openalex.org/W2586642235","https://openalex.org/W2592109325","https://openalex.org/W2611943505","https://openalex.org/W2640418943","https://openalex.org/W2765962757","https://openalex.org/W2771922328","https://openalex.org/W2772736377","https://openalex.org/W2810934215","https://openalex.org/W2885219692","https://openalex.org/W2889061314","https://openalex.org/W2900582271","https://openalex.org/W2941761746","https://openalex.org/W2951130829","https://openalex.org/W2963859210","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2964342924","https://openalex.org/W2972725301","https://openalex.org/W2982341288","https://openalex.org/W3104757150","https://openalex.org/W3105684258","https://openalex.org/W6628353819","https://openalex.org/W6629717138","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6745885651","https://openalex.org/W6746576432","https://openalex.org/W6753285601"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2073713056","https://openalex.org/W3110702597","https://openalex.org/W2125620709","https://openalex.org/W2110441383","https://openalex.org/W1498872724","https://openalex.org/W4287880334","https://openalex.org/W4233149903","https://openalex.org/W2326878701","https://openalex.org/W4293864700","https://openalex.org/W2045932760"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,140],"refer":[1],"to":[2,28,31,46,50,86,98],"direction-of-arrivals":[3],"(DOAs)":[4],"estimation":[5,109],"of":[6,10,55,64,136,146],"a":[7,91,104,124],"user-defined":[8],"subset":[9],"directional":[11],"(desired)":[12],"sound":[13],"sources":[14,83,116],"as":[15],"signal-aware":[16,93],"DOA":[17,94,108,132],"estimation.":[18],"Source":[19],"selection,":[20],"thereby,":[21],"can":[22],"be":[23],"achieved":[24],"with":[25,103,111,142],"time-frequency":[26],"masks":[27],"apply":[29],"attention":[30,102,143],"TF":[32],"bins":[33],"dominated":[34],"by":[35,126],"desired":[36,70,115,138],"sources.":[37,139],"With":[38],"deep":[39],"neural":[40],"networks":[41],"(DNNs),":[42],"another":[43],"option":[44],"is":[45,134],"train":[47],"the":[48,52,62,69,74,77,128,131,137],"DNN":[49,87,105],"estimate":[51],"DOAs":[53,63],"only":[54],"specific":[56],"classes,":[57],"like":[58],"speech,":[59],"and":[60,148],"disregard":[61],"other":[65],"classes.":[66],"Consequently,":[67,130],"changing":[68,127],"classes":[71],"requires":[72],"retraining":[73],"DNN.":[75],"Also,":[76],"mask-based":[78],"approaches":[79],"are":[80,117],"trained":[81,110],"for":[82,106],"known":[84],"prior":[85],"training.":[88],"To":[89],"obtain":[90],"flexible":[92],"estimator,":[95],"we":[96],"propose":[97],"use":[99],"binary":[100,120,150],"mask":[101],"multi-source":[107],"artificial":[112],"noise.":[113],"The":[114],"determined":[118],"via":[119],"masks,":[121],"which":[122],"allows":[123],"redefinition":[125],"masks.":[129,151],"estimator":[133],"independent":[135],"experiment":[141],"in":[144],"form":[145],"oracle":[147],"estimated":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}