{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3011510812","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp40776.2020.9053278","title":"What is best for spoken language understanding: small but task-dependant embeddings or huge but out-of-domain embeddings?","display_name":"What is best for spoken language understanding: small but task-dependant embeddings or huge but out-of-domain embeddings?","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-04-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3011510812","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp40776.2020.9053278","mag":"3011510812"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp40776.2020.9053278","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp40776.2020.9053278","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICASSP 2020 - 2020 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://hal.science/hal-02503694","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000557257","display_name":"Sahar Ghannay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7531-2522"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I277688954","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay","ror":"https://ror.org/03xjwb503","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I277688954"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115485","display_name":"Laboratoire d'Informatique pour la M\u00e9canique et les Sciences de l'Ing\u00e9nieur","ror":"https://ror.org/01raq4x89","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102197404","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210115485","https://openalex.org/I4210159245"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sahar Ghannay","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, CNRS, LIMSI, Orsay, France","LIMSI - Laboratoire d'Informatique pour la M\u00e9canique et les Sciences de l'Ing\u00e9nieur (B\u00e2timent 507, rue du Belv\u00e9d\u00e8re,\r\n91405, Orsay cedex - France)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, CNRS, LIMSI, Orsay, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210115485","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"LIMSI - Laboratoire d'Informatique pour la M\u00e9canique et les Sciences de l'Ing\u00e9nieur (B\u00e2timent 507, rue du Belv\u00e9d\u00e8re,\r\n91405, Orsay cedex - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115485"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002976747","display_name":"Antoine Neuraz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7142-6728"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115485","display_name":"Laboratoire d'Informatique pour la M\u00e9canique et les Sciences de l'Ing\u00e9nieur","ror":"https://ror.org/01raq4x89","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102197404","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210115485","https://openalex.org/I4210159245"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I277688954","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay","ror":"https://ror.org/03xjwb503","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I277688954"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antoine Neuraz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, CNRS, LIMSI, Orsay, France","LIMSI - Laboratoire d'Informatique pour la M\u00e9canique et les Sciences de l'Ing\u00e9nieur (B\u00e2timent 507, rue du Belv\u00e9d\u00e8re,\r\n91405, Orsay cedex - France)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, CNRS, LIMSI, Orsay, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210115485","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"LIMSI - Laboratoire d'Informatique pour la M\u00e9canique et les Sciences de l'Ing\u00e9nieur (B\u00e2timent 507, rue du Belv\u00e9d\u00e8re,\r\n91405, Orsay cedex - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115485"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001616788","display_name":"Sophie Rosset","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6865-4989"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115485","display_name":"Laboratoire d'Informatique pour la M\u00e9canique et les Sciences de l'Ing\u00e9nieur","ror":"https://ror.org/01raq4x89","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102197404","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210115485","https://openalex.org/I4210159245"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I277688954","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay","ror":"https://ror.org/03xjwb503","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I277688954"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sophie Rosset","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, CNRS, LIMSI, Orsay, France","LIMSI - Laboratoire d'Informatique pour la M\u00e9canique et les Sciences de l'Ing\u00e9nieur (B\u00e2timent 507, rue du Belv\u00e9d\u00e8re,\r\n91405, Orsay cedex - France)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, CNRS, LIMSI, Orsay, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210115485","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"LIMSI - Laboratoire d'Informatique pour la M\u00e9canique et les Sciences de l'Ing\u00e9nieur (B\u00e2timent 507, rue du Belv\u00e9d\u00e8re,\r\n91405, Orsay cedex - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115485"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000557257"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210115485"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3715,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84951059,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"8114","last_page":"8118"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8646882772445679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.728919267654419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.720587968826294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6503481864929199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.6390743851661682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranking","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","score":0.6327992677688599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spoken-language","display_name":"Spoken language","score":0.610709011554718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.6026540994644165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.5827769637107849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relevance","display_name":"Relevance (law)","score":0.5608540773391724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-understanding","display_name":"Natural language understanding","score":0.506114661693573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.45167747139930725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.08920648694038391}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8646882772445679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.728919267654419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.720587968826294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6503481864929199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.6390743851661682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.6327992677688599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776230583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1322198","display_name":"Spoken language","level":2,"score":0.610709011554718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.6026540994644165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5827769637107849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.5608540773391724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779439875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1078276","display_name":"Natural language understanding","level":3,"score":0.506114661693573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.45167747139930725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.08920648694038391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp40776.2020.9053278","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp40776.2020.9053278","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICASSP 2020 - 2020 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-02503694v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-02503694","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"45th International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP 2020), May 2020, Barcelona, Spain. pp.8114-8118, ⟨10.1109/ICASSP40776.2020.9053278⟩","raw_type":"Conference papers"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-02503694v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-02503694","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"45th International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP 2020), May 2020, Barcelona, Spain. pp.8114-8118, ⟨10.1109/ICASSP40776.2020.9053278⟩","raw_type":"Conference papers"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8399999737739563,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W648947103","https://openalex.org/W1614298861","https://openalex.org/W1649407914","https://openalex.org/W2024632416","https://openalex.org/W2091671846","https://openalex.org/W2137871902","https://openalex.org/W2158139315","https://openalex.org/W2158899491","https://openalex.org/W2166105451","https://openalex.org/W2249819665","https://openalex.org/W2250539671","https://openalex.org/W2251771443","https://openalex.org/W2252211741","https://openalex.org/W2296101733","https://openalex.org/W2399456070","https://openalex.org/W2493916176","https://openalex.org/W2572064709","https://openalex.org/W2618015847","https://openalex.org/W2736989307","https://openalex.org/W2784070054","https://openalex.org/W2803609229","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2950577311","https://openalex.org/W2952230511","https://openalex.org/W2962739339","https://openalex.org/W2962902328","https://openalex.org/W2963341956","https://openalex.org/W2970820898","https://openalex.org/W2972566716","https://openalex.org/W4288107856","https://openalex.org/W4297683418","https://openalex.org/W6636510571","https://openalex.org/W6683557909","https://openalex.org/W6683738474","https://openalex.org/W6684277889","https://openalex.org/W6712249138","https://openalex.org/W6732015709","https://openalex.org/W6741252197","https://openalex.org/W6748092378","https://openalex.org/W6751425476","https://openalex.org/W6755207826"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3174008653","https://openalex.org/W3138431698","https://openalex.org/W2962716343","https://openalex.org/W2765804957","https://openalex.org/W49594164","https://openalex.org/W2367925007","https://openalex.org/W4288099861","https://openalex.org/W43702919","https://openalex.org/W2139439365","https://openalex.org/W3015724364"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Word":[0],"embeddings":[1,54,110,121],"are":[2,19,83],"shown":[3],"to":[4,69,129],"be":[5],"a":[6,97],"great":[7],"asset":[8],"for":[9,56],"several":[10],"Natural":[11],"Language":[12],"and":[13,74,79,125,138],"Speech":[14],"Processing":[15],"tasks.":[16],"While":[17],"they":[18],"already":[20],"evaluated":[21],"on":[22,28,48,86,95,123,136],"various":[23],"NLP":[24],"tasks,":[25],"their":[26],"evaluation":[27,50],"spoken":[29],"or":[30,77],"natural":[31],"language":[32],"understanding":[33],"(SLU)":[34],"is":[35,43,111],"less":[36],"studied.":[37],"The":[38],"goal":[39],"of":[40,51,64,108,113,116],"this":[41],"study":[42],"two-fold:":[44],"firstly,":[45],"it":[46,60],"focuses":[47],"semantic":[49],"common":[52],"word":[53],"approaches":[55],"SLU":[57],"task;":[58],"secondly,":[59],"investigates":[61],"the":[62,71,103,106,109,114,117,120,133],"use":[63],"two":[65],"different":[66],"data":[67],"sets":[68],"train":[70],"embeddings:":[72],"small":[73,137],"task-dependent":[75,139],"corpus":[76,127],"huge":[78,124],"out-of-domain":[80,126],"corpus.":[81,140],"Experiments":[82],"carried":[84],"out":[85],"5":[87],"benchmark":[88],"corpora":[89],"(ATIS,":[90],"SNIPS,":[91],"SNIPS70,":[92],"M2M,":[93],"MEDIA),":[94],"which":[96],"relevance":[98],"ranking":[99],"was":[100],"proposed":[101],"in":[102],"literature.":[104],"Interestingly,":[105],"performance":[107],"independent":[112],"difficulty":[115],"corpora.":[118],"Moreover,":[119],"trained":[122,135],"yields":[128],"better":[130],"results":[131],"than":[132],"ones":[134]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T16:38:18.471706","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}