{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3163681770","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp39728.2021.9414847","title":"Cross-Teager Energy Cepstral Coefficients for Replay Spoof Detection on Voice Assistants","display_name":"Cross-Teager Energy Cepstral Coefficients for Replay Spoof Detection on Voice Assistants","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3163681770","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp39728.2021.9414847","mag":"3163681770"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp39728.2021.9414847","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp39728.2021.9414847","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICASSP 2021 - 2021 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057075447","display_name":"Rajul Acharya","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98389781","display_name":"Dhirubhai Ambani University","ror":"https://ror.org/02d5b7g69","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98389781"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rajul Acharya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Speech Research Lab, Dhirubhai Ambani Institute of Information and Communication Technology (DA-IICT), Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Speech Research Lab, Dhirubhai Ambani Institute of Information and Communication Technology (DA-IICT), Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98389781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065428975","display_name":"Harsh Kotta","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98389781","display_name":"Dhirubhai Ambani University","ror":"https://ror.org/02d5b7g69","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98389781"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harsh Kotta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Speech Research Lab, Dhirubhai Ambani Institute of Information and Communication Technology (DA-IICT), Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Speech Research Lab, Dhirubhai Ambani Institute of Information and Communication Technology (DA-IICT), Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98389781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079352542","display_name":"Ankur T. Patil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5666-272X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98389781","display_name":"Dhirubhai Ambani University","ror":"https://ror.org/02d5b7g69","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98389781"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ankur T. Patil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Speech Research Lab, Dhirubhai Ambani Institute of Information and Communication Technology (DA-IICT), Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Speech Research Lab, Dhirubhai Ambani Institute of Information and Communication Technology (DA-IICT), Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98389781"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043002276","display_name":"Hemant A. Patil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4068-2005"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98389781","display_name":"Dhirubhai Ambani University","ror":"https://ror.org/02d5b7g69","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98389781"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hemant A. Patil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Speech Research Lab, Dhirubhai Ambani Institute of Information and Communication Technology (DA-IICT), Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Speech Research Lab, Dhirubhai Ambani Institute of Information and Communication Technology (DA-IICT), Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98389781"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98389781"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3626,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.48702374,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"6364","last_page":"6368"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microphone","display_name":"Microphone","score":0.6815841794013977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6379165649414062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.6229052543640137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5468156337738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.4749372601509094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.464958518743515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.45948326587677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.43977248668670654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spoofing-attack","display_name":"Spoofing attack","score":0.43745407462120056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.404277503490448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.35887426137924194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.14179658889770508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12734749913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.0952623188495636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.07575124502182007}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778263558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46384","display_name":"Microphone","level":3,"score":0.6815841794013977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6379165649414062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.6229052543640137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5468156337738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4749372601509094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.464958518743515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.45948326587677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.43977248668670654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167900197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11081100","display_name":"Spoofing attack","level":2,"score":0.43745407462120056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.404277503490448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.35887426137924194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.14179658889770508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12734749913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0952623188495636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.07575124502182007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68115822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068172","display_name":"Sound pressure","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp39728.2021.9414847","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp39728.2021.9414847","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICASSP 2021 - 2021 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.6200000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1538482441","https://openalex.org/W1557133539","https://openalex.org/W2005671413","https://openalex.org/W2037315679","https://openalex.org/W2074953333","https://openalex.org/W2099366492","https://openalex.org/W2114537326","https://openalex.org/W2747024632","https://openalex.org/W2750335806","https://openalex.org/W2768731046","https://openalex.org/W2807325376","https://openalex.org/W2901279995","https://openalex.org/W2914663513","https://openalex.org/W2936802426","https://openalex.org/W2963460857","https://openalex.org/W2964301649","https://openalex.org/W2967606780","https://openalex.org/W2972672667","https://openalex.org/W2972995334","https://openalex.org/W3008492796","https://openalex.org/W3130466571","https://openalex.org/W4232109309","https://openalex.org/W6790736950"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2998478967","https://openalex.org/W2188559950","https://openalex.org/W2989910292","https://openalex.org/W3128793638","https://openalex.org/W2607818178","https://openalex.org/W2123299109","https://openalex.org/W2021230337","https://openalex.org/W3153057489","https://openalex.org/W2895823926","https://openalex.org/W2972676112"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Voice":[0],"assistants":[1],"(VAs)":[2],"are":[3],"highly":[4],"vulnerable":[5],"to":[6,16,21,49,107,119],"replay":[7,112],"attacks,":[8],"where":[9],"the":[10,50,59,104,109,130,142],"impostor":[11],"plays":[12],"pre-recorded":[13],"voice":[14],"samples":[15],"gain":[17],"an":[18,29],"unauthorized":[19],"access":[20],"personalised":[22],"devices.":[23,121],"To":[24],"that":[25],"effect,":[26],"we":[27],"present":[28],"optimal":[30,69],"microphone-channel":[31],"selection":[32,71],"scheme":[33],"using":[34],"Cross-Teager":[35,94],"Energy":[36,95],"Operator":[37],"(CTEO)":[38],"for":[39,83,146],"spoofed":[40],"speech":[41,51,113],"detection":[42],"(SSD)":[43],"task.":[44,85],"Here,":[45],"a":[46,55,77],"channel":[47,70],"refers":[48],"signal":[52,114],"obtained":[53],"from":[54,76],"single":[56],"microphone":[57,60],"among":[58],"array.":[61],"The":[62,99,138],"key":[63,123],"idea":[64,124],"of":[65],"this":[66],"work":[67],"is":[68,81,91,106,116,125,144],"based":[72],"on":[73],"maximum":[74],"cross-energies":[75,105,133],"multichannel":[78],"input,":[79],"which":[80,115],"suitable":[82],"SSD":[84],"This":[86,122],"newly":[87],"proposed":[88],"feature":[89,135],"set":[90,136],"named":[92],"as":[93,134],"Cepstal":[96],"Coefficients":[97],"(CTECCmax).":[98],"reason":[100],"be":[101],"hind":[102],"maximizing":[103],"identify":[108],"distortions":[110],"in":[111,141],"added":[117],"due":[118],"intermediate":[120],"also":[126],"cross-validated":[127],"by":[128],"selecting":[129],"least":[131],"estimated":[132],"CTECCmin.":[137],"noticeable":[139],"improvement":[140],"performance":[143],"observed":[145],"CTECCmaxover":[147],"CTECCminfor":[148],"two":[149],"classifiers,":[150],"namely,":[151],"Gaussian":[152],"Mixture":[153],"Model":[154],"(GMM)":[155],"and":[156],"Light":[157],"Convolutional":[158],"Neural":[159],"Network":[160],"(LCNN).":[161]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
