{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3163939815","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp39728.2021.9414307","title":"Synchronous Multi-Bit Audio Watermarking Based on Phase Shifting","display_name":"Synchronous Multi-Bit Audio Watermarking Based on Phase Shifting","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3163939815","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp39728.2021.9414307","mag":"3163939815"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp39728.2021.9414307","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp39728.2021.9414307","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICASSP 2021 - 2021 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035486167","display_name":"Shengbei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4713-5012"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198091727","display_name":"Tianjin Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/00xsr9m91","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198091727"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shengbei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tiangong University,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Autonomous Intelligence Technology and Systems,China","Tianjin Key Laboratory of Autonomous Intelligence Technology and Systems, Tiangong University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tiangong University,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Autonomous Intelligence Technology and Systems,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198091727"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Autonomous Intelligence Technology and Systems, Tiangong University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198091727"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058549121","display_name":"Weitao Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1900-8259"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198091727","display_name":"Tianjin Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/00xsr9m91","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198091727"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weitao Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tiangong University,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Autonomous Intelligence Technology and Systems,China","Tianjin Key Laboratory of Autonomous Intelligence Technology and Systems, Tiangong University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tiangong University,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Autonomous Intelligence Technology and Systems,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198091727"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Autonomous Intelligence Technology and Systems, Tiangong University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198091727"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100390189","display_name":"Zhen Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0899-1139"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198091727","display_name":"Tianjin Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/00xsr9m91","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198091727"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tiangong University,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Autonomous Intelligence Technology and Systems,China","Tianjin Key Laboratory of Autonomous Intelligence Technology and Systems, Tiangong University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tiangong University,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Autonomous Intelligence Technology and Systems,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198091727"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Autonomous Intelligence Technology and Systems, Tiangong University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198091727"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048371289","display_name":"Jianming Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2685-4437"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198091727","display_name":"Tianjin Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/00xsr9m91","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198091727"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianming Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tiangong University,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Autonomous Intelligence Technology and Systems,China","Tianjin Key Laboratory of Autonomous Intelligence Technology and Systems, Tiangong University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tiangong University,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Autonomous Intelligence Technology and Systems,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198091727"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Autonomous Intelligence Technology and Systems, Tiangong University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198091727"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014199725","display_name":"Masashi Unoki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6605-2052"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177738480","display_name":"Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03frj4r98","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177738480"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masashi Unoki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology,Nomi, Ishikawa,Japan","Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Nomi, Ishikawa, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology,Nomi, Ishikawa,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177738480"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Nomi, Ishikawa, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177738480"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035486167"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198091727"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3876,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59908267,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2700","last_page":"2704"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-watermarking","display_name":"Digital watermarking","score":0.8545060753822327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7885847687721252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7467463612556458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame","display_name":"Frame (networking)","score":0.6540597081184387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/watermark","display_name":"Watermark","score":0.639431357383728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/audio-signal","display_name":"Audio signal","score":0.4473954439163208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4180949330329895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.37944552302360535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3667292594909668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3494971990585327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.32020944356918335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.2626563310623169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-coding","display_name":"Speech coding","score":0.2547459304332733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09332150220870972}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150817343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875932","display_name":"Digital watermarking","level":3,"score":0.8545060753822327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7885847687721252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7467463612556458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.6540597081184387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164112704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7974348","display_name":"Watermark","level":3,"score":0.639431357383728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64922751","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4650799","display_name":"Audio signal","level":3,"score":0.4473954439163208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4180949330329895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.37944552302360535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3667292594909668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3494971990585327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.32020944356918335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2626563310623169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13895895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3270773","display_name":"Speech coding","level":2,"score":0.2547459304332733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09332150220870972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp39728.2021.9414307","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp39728.2021.9414307","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICASSP 2021 - 2021 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W634795614","https://openalex.org/W1607142029","https://openalex.org/W1982300804","https://openalex.org/W2017300999","https://openalex.org/W2019422760","https://openalex.org/W2070881099","https://openalex.org/W2078835972","https://openalex.org/W2107465879","https://openalex.org/W2112589306","https://openalex.org/W2131058673","https://openalex.org/W2135177308","https://openalex.org/W2156117188","https://openalex.org/W2166132814","https://openalex.org/W2215235367","https://openalex.org/W2339254090","https://openalex.org/W2500997204","https://openalex.org/W2733191164","https://openalex.org/W2753751342","https://openalex.org/W2773215876","https://openalex.org/W2903766402","https://openalex.org/W2912571976","https://openalex.org/W2914131191","https://openalex.org/W3046877165","https://openalex.org/W6636203886","https://openalex.org/W6683034743","https://openalex.org/W6759218842","https://openalex.org/W6781572250"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2361184779","https://openalex.org/W2383936620","https://openalex.org/W832297302","https://openalex.org/W3083341863","https://openalex.org/W2146898394","https://openalex.org/W1997302683","https://openalex.org/W2533496217","https://openalex.org/W1989201844","https://openalex.org/W2939547256","https://openalex.org/W2477380541"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Audio":[0],"watermarking":[1,29,146],"has":[2],"been":[3],"developed":[4],"to":[5,86],"protect":[6],"the":[7,14,17,20,41,60,67,93,103,112,115,119,123,127,136],"copyright":[8],"of":[9,16,19,43,50,64,83,114,129],"audio":[10,28,145],"signals.":[11],"We":[12,110],"considered":[13],"use":[15],"distribution":[18],"phase":[21,33,48,68,77,104],"spectrum":[22,49],"and":[23,118,131],"propose":[24],"an":[25],"effective":[26],"multi-bit":[27,90],"method":[30,37,125,138],"based":[31],"on":[32,40],"shifting.":[34],"The":[35,47],"proposed":[36,116,124,137],"is":[38,53,79,99],"implemented":[39],"basis":[42],"a":[44,88],"frame-wise":[45],"framework.":[46],"each":[51,65,97],"frame":[52,98],"first":[54],"calculated,":[55],"then,":[56],"in":[57,81],"accordance":[58],"with":[59],"embedded":[61],"bit":[62],"number":[63],"frame,":[66],"bins":[69],"are":[70,108],"segmented":[71],"into":[72],"several":[73,143],"subsets.":[74],"An":[75],"artificial":[76],"pattern":[78],"constructed":[80],"one":[82],"these":[84],"subsets":[85],"carry":[87],"specific":[89],"watermark.":[91],"In":[92],"water-mark":[94],"extraction":[95],"process,":[96],"synchronized":[100],"by":[101],"identifying":[102],"pattern,":[105],"then":[106],"watermarks":[107],"extracted.":[109],"investigate":[111],"performance":[113],"method,":[117],"results":[120],"indicated":[121],"that":[122],"balances":[126],"trade-off":[128],"inaudibility":[130],"robustness.":[132],"From":[133],"comparative":[134],"evaluations,":[135],"also":[139],"performed":[140],"better":[141],"than":[142],"other":[144],"methods.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-21T08:13:44.787528","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}