{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2937072220","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2019.8683696","title":"Digitally Annealed Solution for the Vertex Cover Problem with Application in Cyber Security","display_name":"Digitally Annealed Solution for the Vertex Cover Problem with Application in Cyber Security","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-04-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2937072220","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2019.8683696","mag":"2937072220"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.2019.8683696","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2019.8683696","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICASSP 2019 - 2019 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047988836","display_name":"Mohammad Javad-Kalbasi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5888-9808"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170013655","display_name":"Isfahan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00af3sa43","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170013655"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Javad-Kalbasi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Isfahan University of Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Isfahan University of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170013655"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028735986","display_name":"Keivan Dabiri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9484-6741"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keivan Dabiri","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Toronto"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089951737","display_name":"Shahrokh Valaee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6254-1660"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shahrokh Valaee","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Toronto"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077605824","display_name":"Ali Sheikholeslami","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0970-6897"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Sheikholeslami","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Toronto"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047988836"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170013655"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8295,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85258366,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2642","last_page":"2646"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10305","display_name":"Power System Optimization and Stability","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10454","display_name":"Optimal Power Flow Distribution","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phasor","display_name":"Phasor","score":0.7328312397003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vertex-cover","display_name":"Vertex cover","score":0.6869482398033142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6632183790206909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/units-of-measurement","display_name":"Units of measurement","score":0.6283372640609741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cover","display_name":"Cover (algebra)","score":0.5439240336418152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vertex","display_name":"Vertex (graph theory)","score":0.46673783659935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4332612454891205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.43170303106307983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.41234228014945984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3923466205596924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.39051103591918945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.27955931425094604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.2202412188053131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.16994521021842957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16608926653862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.13651695847511292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.07823070883750916}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176605952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q827674","display_name":"Phasor","level":4,"score":0.7328312397003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40687702","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11515519","display_name":"Vertex cover","level":3,"score":0.6869482398033142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6632183790206909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151233233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47574","display_name":"Units of measurement","level":2,"score":0.6283372640609741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780428219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16952335","display_name":"Cover (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.5439240336418152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80899671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1304193","display_name":"Vertex (graph theory)","level":3,"score":0.46673783659935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4332612454891205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.43170303106307983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.41234228014945984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3923466205596924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.39051103591918945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.27955931425094604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.2202412188053131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.16994521021842957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16608926653862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.13651695847511292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.07823070883750916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.2019.8683696","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2019.8683696","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICASSP 2019 - 2019 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6299999952316284,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W390146837","https://openalex.org/W1279320161","https://openalex.org/W1509289098","https://openalex.org/W1572977974","https://openalex.org/W1607530841","https://openalex.org/W1965537916","https://openalex.org/W1975635104","https://openalex.org/W1977344823","https://openalex.org/W2005028112","https://openalex.org/W2033939184","https://openalex.org/W2035172813","https://openalex.org/W2039122980","https://openalex.org/W2041605864","https://openalex.org/W2054955885","https://openalex.org/W2108977771","https://openalex.org/W2152728520","https://openalex.org/W2164681195","https://openalex.org/W2184495293","https://openalex.org/W2290596394","https://openalex.org/W2312627952","https://openalex.org/W2401610261","https://openalex.org/W2439424908","https://openalex.org/W2734190907","https://openalex.org/W2801020852","https://openalex.org/W2905110430","https://openalex.org/W3145128584","https://openalex.org/W3149604617","https://openalex.org/W4241366606","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4372046852","https://openalex.org/W6630494843","https://openalex.org/W6636038013","https://openalex.org/W6644944274","https://openalex.org/W6686622311","https://openalex.org/W6718803878","https://openalex.org/W6741001508","https://openalex.org/W6992987982"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2182509182","https://openalex.org/W2125787228","https://openalex.org/W2138143921","https://openalex.org/W2102647849","https://openalex.org/W2102650188","https://openalex.org/W2547260311","https://openalex.org/W2166008706","https://openalex.org/W2162956301","https://openalex.org/W2054057392","https://openalex.org/W2995968316"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cyber":[0],"attacks":[1,21,45,67,114],"on":[2,26],"the":[3,8,27,50,70,73,83,89,101,109,117,128,166],"power":[4,31],"systems":[5],"can":[6,22,68],"mislead":[7],"control":[9],"center":[10],"to":[11,42,61,99,107,126,161],"produce":[12],"incorrect":[13],"state":[14,64],"and":[15,19,65,149],"topology":[16,20,66],"estimate.":[17],"State":[18],"have":[23,144],"harmful":[24],"impacts":[25],"operation":[28],"of":[29,35,72,91,111,158],"a":[30,135],"system.":[32],"The":[33],"problem":[34],"placing":[36,58],"secure":[37,59,79,102],"phasor":[38],"measurement":[39],"units":[40],"(PMUs)":[41],"detect":[43],"these":[44],"has":[46,54,154],"been":[47,55],"studied":[48],"in":[49,105,165],"literature.":[51,167],"Specifically,":[52],"it":[53,96],"shown":[56],"that":[57,151],"PMUs":[60,80,93,103],"disable":[62],"undetectable":[63],"enhance":[69],"security":[71],"system":[74],"against":[75],"cyber":[76,113],"attacks.":[77],"Placing":[78],"is":[81,94,97,134],"indeed":[82],"minimum":[84],"vertex":[85,129],"cover":[86,130],"problem.":[87,131],"Since":[88],"cost":[90],"deploying":[92],"high,":[95],"important":[98],"place":[100],"efficiently":[104],"order":[106],"maximize":[108],"ability":[110],"detecting":[112],"while":[115],"reducing":[116],"costs.":[118],"In":[119],"this":[120],"paper,":[121],"we":[122],"use":[123],"Digital":[124,132],"Annealer":[125,133],"solve":[127],"hardware":[136],"architecture":[137],"for":[138],"solving":[139],"combinatorial":[140],"optimization":[141],"problems.":[142],"We":[143],"performed":[145],"numerous":[146],"numerical":[147],"experiments":[148],"noticed":[150],"our":[152],"approach":[153],"an":[155],"enhanced":[156],"level":[157],"optimality":[159],"compared":[160],"other":[162],"well-known":[163],"alternatives":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
