{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2938528026","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2019.8683603","title":"Saliency Map on Cnns for Protein Secondary Structure Prediction","display_name":"Saliency Map on Cnns for Protein Secondary Structure Prediction","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-04-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2938528026","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2019.8683603","mag":"2938528026"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.2019.8683603","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2019.8683603","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICASSP 2019 - 2019 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025162590","display_name":"Guillermo Romero Moreno","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0316-8306"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guillermo Romero Moreno","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033579333","display_name":"Mahesan Niranjan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7021-140X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahesan Niranjan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046941095","display_name":"Adam Pr\u00fcgel\u2010Bennett","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-5077"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adam Prugel-Bennett","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1657,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.50329268,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1249","last_page":"1253"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10044","display_name":"Protein Structure and Dynamics","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10044","display_name":"Protein Structure and Dynamics","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12254","display_name":"Machine Learning in Bioinformatics","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11948","display_name":"Machine Learning in Materials Science","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretability","display_name":"Interpretability","score":0.937472939491272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7406705617904663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.656618058681488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.6404617428779602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.6192513704299927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.5194427371025085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-box","display_name":"Black box","score":0.4833368957042694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4783741533756256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-neural-networks","display_name":"Deep neural networks","score":0.46542614698410034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protein-secondary-structure","display_name":"Protein secondary structure","score":0.4401155710220337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amino-acid","display_name":"Amino acid","score":0.4139622449874878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.34310632944107056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.16715705394744873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12348014116287231}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.937472939491272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7406705617904663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.656618058681488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6404617428779602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.6192513704299927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5194427371025085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94966114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29256","display_name":"Black box","level":2,"score":0.4833368957042694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4783741533756256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984842247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep neural networks","level":3,"score":0.46542614698410034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62614982","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q904984","display_name":"Protein secondary structure","level":2,"score":0.4401155710220337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C515207424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8066","display_name":"Amino acid","level":2,"score":0.4139622449874878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.34310632944107056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.16715705394744873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12348014116287231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.2019.8683603","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2019.8683603","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICASSP 2019 - 2019 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.soton.ac.uk:430913","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401019","display_name":"ePrints Soton (University of Southampton)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","host_organization_name":"University of Southampton","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference or Workshop Item"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1019830208","https://openalex.org/W1498665009","https://openalex.org/W1787224781","https://openalex.org/W2008708467","https://openalex.org/W2057289558","https://openalex.org/W2059136964","https://openalex.org/W2129588870","https://openalex.org/W2195388612","https://openalex.org/W2198606573","https://openalex.org/W2345051977","https://openalex.org/W2345512687","https://openalex.org/W2346578521","https://openalex.org/W2567587907","https://openalex.org/W2594633041","https://openalex.org/W2605409611","https://openalex.org/W2749122933","https://openalex.org/W2754045042","https://openalex.org/W2802048770","https://openalex.org/W2950197776","https://openalex.org/W2953262163","https://openalex.org/W2962851944","https://openalex.org/W2963457143","https://openalex.org/W2963468488","https://openalex.org/W2963739921","https://openalex.org/W2964322093","https://openalex.org/W4229494842","https://openalex.org/W4297796913","https://openalex.org/W6679333912","https://openalex.org/W6685133223","https://openalex.org/W6687502627","https://openalex.org/W6704488215","https://openalex.org/W6704695948","https://openalex.org/W6725799295","https://openalex.org/W6731867162","https://openalex.org/W6734194636","https://openalex.org/W6734247333","https://openalex.org/W6736518430","https://openalex.org/W6744208784"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2797441709","https://openalex.org/W2346578521","https://openalex.org/W4297660007","https://openalex.org/W2886918272","https://openalex.org/W4387589990","https://openalex.org/W2943982549","https://openalex.org/W3101055019","https://openalex.org/W2910028250","https://openalex.org/W4241566321","https://openalex.org/W4377865163"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"learning,":[1],"a":[2,84,135],"powerful":[3],"methodology":[4],"for":[5],"data-driven":[6],"modelling,":[7],"has":[8],"been":[9],"shown":[10],"to":[11,42,52,80,91,118,127,139,149],"be":[12],"useful":[13],"in":[14,18,100,111],"tackling":[15],"several":[16,40],"problems":[17],"the":[19,44,66,75,101,119,128,140],"biomedical":[20],"domain.":[21],"However,":[22],"deep":[23,85],"neural":[24,86],"architectures":[25],"lack":[26],"interpretability":[27],"of":[28,69,77,83,103,142],"how":[29],"predictions":[30],"from":[31,147],"them":[32],"are":[33,47,98,121],"made":[34],"on":[35],"any":[36,115],"test":[37],"input.":[38],"While":[39],"approaches":[41],"\"opening":[43],"black":[45],"box\"":[46],"being":[48],"developed,":[49],"their":[50],"application":[51],"biological":[53,136],"and":[54,109],"medical":[55],"data":[56],"is":[57],"very":[58],"much":[59],"as":[60,106],"its":[61],"infancy.":[62],"Here,":[63],"we":[64],"consider":[65],"specific":[67],"problem":[68],"protein":[70],"secondary":[71],"structure":[72],"prediction":[73],"using":[74],"techniques":[76],"saliency":[78],"maps":[79],"explain":[81],"decisions":[82],"network.":[87],"The":[88,130],"analysis":[89],"leads":[90],"two":[92],"important":[93,124],"observations:":[94],"(a)":[95],"one-hot-encoded":[96],"amino-acids":[97,117],"irrelevant":[99],"presence":[102],"PSSM":[104],"values":[105],"extra":[107],"features;":[108],"(b)":[110],"predicting":[112],"\u03b1-helices":[113],"at":[114],"position,":[116],"right":[120],"far":[122],"more":[123],"than":[125],"those":[126],"left.":[129],"latter":[131],"observation":[132],"may":[133],"have":[134],"basis":[137],"relating":[138],"synthesis":[141],"proteins":[143],"by":[144],"ribosome":[145],"movement":[146],"left":[148],"right,":[150],"sequentially":[151],"adding":[152],"amino-acids.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2019-04-25T00:00:00"}