{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2963652317","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2019.8682668","title":"Short-segment Heart Sound Classification Using an Ensemble of Deep Convolutional Neural Networks","display_name":"Short-segment Heart Sound Classification Using an Ensemble of Deep Convolutional Neural Networks","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-04-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2963652317","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2019.8682668","mag":"2963652317"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.2019.8682668","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2019.8682668","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICASSP 2019 - 2019 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1810.11573","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088514441","display_name":"Fuad Noman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1756-8239"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4576418","display_name":"University of Technology Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fuad Noman","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Biomedical Engineering & Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biomedical Engineering & Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046157434","display_name":"Chee\u2010Ming Ting","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6037-3728"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4576418","display_name":"University of Technology Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chee-Ming Ting","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Biomedical Engineering & Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biomedical Engineering & Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110014480","display_name":"Sh\u2010Hussain Salleh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4576418","display_name":"University of Technology Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sh-Hussain Salleh","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Biomedical Engineering & Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biomedical Engineering & Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022587472","display_name":"Hernando Ombao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7020-8091"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hernando Ombao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Statistics Program, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Statistics Program, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088514441"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.0308,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":97,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98133045,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1318","last_page":"1322"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12419","display_name":"Phonocardiography and Auscultation Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12419","display_name":"Phonocardiography and Auscultation Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.980400025844574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9700000286102295,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.816257119178772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mel-frequency-cepstrum","display_name":"Mel-frequency cepstrum","score":0.7936459183692932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7786633968353271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.7435725927352905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.689613938331604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.6564709544181824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.546758234500885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5275285243988037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.47102341055870056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-set","display_name":"Test set","score":0.4657175540924072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-domain","display_name":"Frequency domain","score":0.4383031129837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4264489412307739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.07785248756408691}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.816257119178772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151989614","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q440370","display_name":"Mel-frequency cepstrum","level":3,"score":0.7936459183692932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7786633968353271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7435725927352905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.689613938331604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.6564709544181824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.546758234500885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5275285243988037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.47102341055870056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169903167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Test set","level":2,"score":0.4657175540924072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19118579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786423","display_name":"Frequency domain","level":2,"score":0.4383031129837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4264489412307739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.07785248756408691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.2019.8682668","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2019.8682668","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ICASSP 2019 - 2019 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1810.11573","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1810.11573","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1810.11573","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.kaust.edu.sa:10754/655968","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10754/655968","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401596","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Repository (King Abdullah University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","host_organization_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference Paper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1810.11573","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1810.11573","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1810.11573","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2125838338","https://openalex.org/W2131241448","https://openalex.org/W2144935315","https://openalex.org/W2162800060","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2395611524","https://openalex.org/W2402144811","https://openalex.org/W2557139718","https://openalex.org/W2584256834","https://openalex.org/W2591957616","https://openalex.org/W2593628220","https://openalex.org/W2593628332","https://openalex.org/W2594894714","https://openalex.org/W2612573399","https://openalex.org/W2620050178","https://openalex.org/W2735987108","https://openalex.org/W2748902594","https://openalex.org/W2758244442","https://openalex.org/W2950182411","https://openalex.org/W2953384591","https://openalex.org/W3098163168","https://openalex.org/W4253573210","https://openalex.org/W6639824700","https://openalex.org/W6678911119","https://openalex.org/W6680962578","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6713134421","https://openalex.org/W6732780739","https://openalex.org/W6734306856","https://openalex.org/W6734430412","https://openalex.org/W6785474352"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2364370872","https://openalex.org/W2053269318","https://openalex.org/W4317383455","https://openalex.org/W2548511587","https://openalex.org/W4293232884","https://openalex.org/W2422472940","https://openalex.org/W2019475500","https://openalex.org/W2548162870","https://openalex.org/W2144773493","https://openalex.org/W2138847091"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,25,36,54],"framework":[4],"based":[5,46,64,87],"on":[6,47,65,88,128],"deep":[7],"convolutional":[8],"neural":[9],"networks":[10],"(CNNs)":[11],"for":[12],"automatic":[13],"heart":[14,21],"sound":[15],"classification":[16,104],"using":[17],"short-segments":[18],"of":[19,41,68],"individual":[20],"beats.":[22],"We":[23,51],"design":[24],"1D-CNN":[26,61],"that":[27,38],"directly":[28],"learns":[29],"features":[30],"from":[31],"raw":[32],"heart-sound":[33],"signals,":[34],"and":[35,62,92,100,109,117,120],"2D-CNN":[37,63,126],"takes":[39],"inputs":[40],"two-dimensional":[42],"time-frequency":[43,55],"feature":[44],"maps":[45],"Mel-frequency":[48],"cepstral":[49],"coefficients.":[50],"further":[52],"develop":[53],"CNN":[56,82],"ensemble":[57],"(TF-ECNN)":[58],"combining":[59],"the":[60,69,73,80,115,125,129],"score-level":[66],"fusion":[67],"class":[70],"probabilities.":[71],"On":[72],"large":[74],"PhysioNet":[75],"CinC":[76],"challenge":[77],"2016":[78],"database,":[79],"proposed":[81],"models":[83,95],"outperformed":[84],"traditional":[85],"classifiers":[86],"support":[89],"vector":[90],"machine":[91],"hidden":[93],"Markov":[94],"with":[96,106],"various":[97],"hand-crafted":[98],"time-":[99],"frequency-domain":[101],"features.":[102],"Best":[103],"scores":[105],"89.22%":[107],"accuracy":[108,123],"89.94%":[110],"sensitivity":[111],"were":[112],"achieved":[113],"by":[114,124],"ECNN,":[116],"91.55%":[118],"specificity":[119],"88.82%":[121],"modified":[122],"alone":[127],"test":[130],"set.":[131]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-17T18:11:37.981687","created_date":"2019-07-30T00:00:00"}