{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2706749641","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2017.7953263","title":"Recurrent neural network language models for keyword search","display_name":"Recurrent neural network language models for keyword search","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2706749641","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2017.7953263","mag":"2706749641"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.2017.7953263","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2017.7953263","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.13112","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071230229","display_name":"Xiaoye Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1636-7264"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"X. Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Department, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Department, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024283093","display_name":"Anton Ragni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0634-4456"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Ragni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Department, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Department, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013038150","display_name":"Jake Vasilakes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6729-0936"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Vasilakes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Department, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Department, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100400548","display_name":"Xuefeng Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7343-6302"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"X. Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Systems Engineering and Engineering Management, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Systems Engineering and Engineering Management, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032046290","display_name":"K.M. Knill","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1292-2769"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Knill","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Department, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Department, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050766679","display_name":"Mark Gales","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5311-8219"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M.J.F. Gales","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Department, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Department, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071230229"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2471,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85003611,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":null,"first_page":"5775","last_page":"5779"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8703954815864563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perplexity","display_name":"Perplexity","score":0.8682894706726074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.6717357635498047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/keyword-search","display_name":"Keyword search","score":0.6691380739212036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocabulary","display_name":"Vocabulary","score":0.6468310952186584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5922958850860596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5460456013679504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5331399440765381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.5296169519424438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5255916118621826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-error-rate","display_name":"Word error rate","score":0.48274916410446167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.4142942726612091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3290477991104126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.3096737265586853}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8703954815864563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100279451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q372193","display_name":"Perplexity","level":3,"score":0.8682894706726074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.6717357635498047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988412617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7441656","display_name":"Keyword search","level":2,"score":0.6691380739212036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6499736","display_name":"Vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.6468310952186584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5922958850860596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5460456013679504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5331399440765381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.5296169519424438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5255916118621826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40969351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3516228","display_name":"Word error rate","level":2,"score":0.48274916410446167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.4142942726612091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3290477991104126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.3096737265586853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.2017.7953263","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2017.7953263","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:152767","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/152767/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400854","display_name":"White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2800616092","host_organization_name":"White Rose University Consortium","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800616092"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Proceedings Paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:generic.eprints.org:922479","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://publications.eng.cam.ac.uk/922479/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922847","display_name":"Cambridge University Engineering Department Publications Database","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference or Workshop Item"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.repository.cam.ac.uk:1810/267092","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/267092","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401777","display_name":"Apollo (University of Cambridge)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I241749","host_organization_name":"University of Cambridge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference Object"},{"id":"doi:10.17863/cam.13112","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.13112","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407050737","display_name":"Apollo","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.17863/cam.13112","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.13112","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407050737","display_name":"Apollo","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8399999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W101286142","https://openalex.org/W179875071","https://openalex.org/W1494108583","https://openalex.org/W1498436455","https://openalex.org/W1520465330","https://openalex.org/W1970689298","https://openalex.org/W2002342963","https://openalex.org/W2026149468","https://openalex.org/W2028956843","https://openalex.org/W2058695628","https://openalex.org/W2074932712","https://openalex.org/W2076094076","https://openalex.org/W2080401855","https://openalex.org/W2085118983","https://openalex.org/W2096140469","https://openalex.org/W2111305191","https://openalex.org/W2120861206","https://openalex.org/W2144790469","https://openalex.org/W2171928131","https://openalex.org/W2250644439","https://openalex.org/W2345190899","https://openalex.org/W2399550240","https://openalex.org/W2400801499","https://openalex.org/W2401430117","https://openalex.org/W2401969231","https://openalex.org/W2407420912","https://openalex.org/W2496955520","https://openalex.org/W6604085896","https://openalex.org/W6607333740","https://openalex.org/W6678040779","https://openalex.org/W6712868603","https://openalex.org/W6712986244","https://openalex.org/W6713001283","https://openalex.org/W6713507411","https://openalex.org/W6713813099"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2169518243","https://openalex.org/W2252095989","https://openalex.org/W4322096525","https://openalex.org/W2551914602","https://openalex.org/W4281893144","https://openalex.org/W4287323699","https://openalex.org/W2105076537","https://openalex.org/W2084531783","https://openalex.org/W2050138804","https://openalex.org/W2151348424"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recurrent":[0],"neural":[1],"network":[2],"language":[3],"models":[4],"(RNNLMs)":[5],"have":[6,33],"becoming":[7],"increasingly":[8],"popular":[9],"in":[10,22,88,105],"many":[11],"applications":[12],"such":[13],"as":[14],"automatic":[15],"speech":[16],"recognition":[17],"(ASR).":[18],"Significant":[19,110],"performance":[20],"improvements":[21,113],"both":[23,106,115],"perplexity":[24],"and":[25,92,108,111,118],"word":[26],"error":[27],"rate":[28],"over":[29],"standard":[30],"n-gram":[31],"LMs":[32],"been":[34,52],"widely":[35],"reported":[36],"on":[37,44,114],"ASR":[38,119],"tasks.":[39],"In":[40,55,71],"contrast,":[41],"published":[42],"research":[43],"using":[45],"RNNLMs":[46,61],"for":[47,62],"keyword":[48,66,116],"search":[49,67,117],"systems":[50],"has":[51],"relatively":[53],"limited.":[54],"this":[56],"paper":[57],"the":[58,63,75],"application":[59],"of":[60,82],"IARPA":[64],"Babel":[65],"task":[68],"is":[69],"investigated.":[70],"order":[72],"to":[73,101],"supplement":[74],"limited":[76],"acoustic":[77],"transcription":[78],"data,":[79],"large":[80,89],"amounts":[81],"web":[83],"texts":[84],"are":[85],"also":[86],"used":[87],"vocabulary":[90],"design":[91],"LM":[93],"training.":[94],"Various":[95],"training":[96,107],"criteria":[97],"were":[98,121],"then":[99],"explored":[100],"improved":[102],"RNNLMs'":[103],"efficiency":[104],"evaluation.":[109],"consistent":[112],"tasks":[120],"obtained":[122],"across":[123],"all":[124],"languages.":[125]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}