{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2403450742","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2016.7472793","title":"A hierarchical framework for language identification","display_name":"A hierarchical framework for language identification","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2403450742","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2016.7472793","mag":"2403450742"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.2016.7472793","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2016.7472793","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010947738","display_name":"Saad Irtza","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42894916","display_name":"Data61","ror":"https://ror.org/03q397159","country_code":"AU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Saad Irtza","raw_affiliation_strings":["ATP Research Laboratory, National ICT Australia (NICTA), Australia","School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, UNSW, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ATP Research Laboratory, National ICT Australia (NICTA), Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42894916"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, UNSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032689109","display_name":"Vidhyasaharan Sethu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8492-1787"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vidhyasaharan Sethu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, UNSW, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, UNSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075642727","display_name":"Haris Bavattichalil","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haris Bavattichalil","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, UNSW, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, UNSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028116210","display_name":"Eliathamby Ambikairajah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4673-6534"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42894916","display_name":"Data61","ror":"https://ror.org/03q397159","country_code":"AU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eliathamby Ambikairajah","raw_affiliation_strings":["ATP Research Laboratory, National ICT Australia (NICTA), Australia","School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, UNSW, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ATP Research Laboratory, National ICT Australia (NICTA), Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42894916"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, UNSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032690182","display_name":"Haizhou Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9158-9401"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005327000","display_name":"Institute for Infocomm Research","ror":"https://ror.org/053rfa017","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haizhou Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Infocomm Research, A*STAR, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Infocomm Research, A*STAR, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010947738"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571","https://openalex.org/I42894916"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.5709,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91623408,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"5820","last_page":"5824"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12380","display_name":"Authorship Attribution and Profiling","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phonotactics","display_name":"Phonotactics","score":0.9589316844940186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8094112277030945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nist","display_name":"NIST","score":0.6647458076477051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.6066099405288696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-identification","display_name":"Language identification","score":0.5633186101913452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5131062269210815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5129489302635193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.5121902823448181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.43486952781677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.2524840831756592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.1397514045238495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.12761151790618896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phonology","display_name":"Phonology","score":0.09973832964897156}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4768521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q512366","display_name":"Phonotactics","level":3,"score":0.9589316844940186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8094112277030945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111219384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6954384","display_name":"NIST","level":2,"score":0.6647458076477051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6066099405288696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129792486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1050419","display_name":"Language identification","level":3,"score":0.5633186101913452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5131062269210815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5129489302635193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.5121902823448181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.43486952781677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.2524840831756592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.1397514045238495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.12761151790618896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148934300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40998","display_name":"Phonology","level":2,"score":0.09973832964897156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.2016.7472793","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2016.7472793","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.4699999988079071}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W45910481","https://openalex.org/W65256401","https://openalex.org/W85880394","https://openalex.org/W1969121061","https://openalex.org/W2015424351","https://openalex.org/W2075117036","https://openalex.org/W2085662862","https://openalex.org/W2091409162","https://openalex.org/W2104457544","https://openalex.org/W2127212654","https://openalex.org/W2140691692","https://openalex.org/W2151710616","https://openalex.org/W2277704643","https://openalex.org/W2397000549","https://openalex.org/W2401407703","https://openalex.org/W2402195117","https://openalex.org/W2408021097","https://openalex.org/W2408208090","https://openalex.org/W2484582464","https://openalex.org/W6601871667","https://openalex.org/W6603408101","https://openalex.org/W6712062554","https://openalex.org/W6713024603","https://openalex.org/W6713118576","https://openalex.org/W7073743773"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2006971780","https://openalex.org/W2924380321","https://openalex.org/W2347141333","https://openalex.org/W2294084151","https://openalex.org/W2161723943","https://openalex.org/W1998541766","https://openalex.org/W2403450742","https://openalex.org/W2064542902","https://openalex.org/W2102951823","https://openalex.org/W2262900283"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Most":[0],"current":[1],"language":[2,58,75],"recognition":[3],"systems":[4,33],"model":[5,20],"different":[6],"levels":[7,73],"of":[8,42,51,68,77,91],"information":[9],"such":[10],"as":[11],"acoustic,":[12],"prosodic,":[13],"phonotactic,":[14],"etc.":[15],"independently":[16],"and":[17,39,107],"combine":[18],"the":[19,86,103,108,112],"likelihoods":[21],"in":[22],"order":[23],"to":[24],"make":[25],"a":[26,56,66,98],"decision.":[27],"However,":[28],"these":[29],"are":[30],"single":[31],"level":[32],"that":[34,46,64,111],"treat":[35],"all":[36],"languages":[37,82],"identically":[38],"hence":[40],"incapable":[41],"exploiting":[43],"any":[44],"similarities":[45],"may":[47],"exist":[48],"within":[49],"groups":[50],"languages.":[52],"In":[53],"this":[54],"paper,":[55],"hierarchical":[57,93],"identification":[59],"(HLID)":[60],"framework":[61,94],"is":[62,95],"proposed":[63,92,113],"involves":[65],"series":[67],"classification":[69],"decisions":[70],"at":[71,85],"multiple":[72],"involving":[74],"clusters":[76],"decreasing":[78],"sizes":[79],"with":[80,97],"individual":[81],"identified":[83],"only":[84],"final":[87],"level.":[88],"The":[89],"performance":[90],"compared":[96],"state-of-the-art":[99,116],"LID":[100],"system":[101],"on":[102],"NIST":[104],"2007":[105],"database":[106],"results":[109],"indicate":[110],"approach":[114],"outperforms":[115],"systems.":[117]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
