{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1565198967","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2015.7178990","title":"Combination of search techniques for improved spotting of OOV keywords","display_name":"Combination of search techniques for improved spotting of OOV keywords","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1565198967","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2015.7178990","mag":"1565198967"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.2015.7178990","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2015.7178990","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054865609","display_name":"Damianos Karakos","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306686416","display_name":"RTX (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/0354t7b78","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306686416"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Damianos Karakos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Raytheon BBN Technologies, Cambridge, MA, USA","Raytheon BBN Technologies Cambridge MA USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Raytheon BBN Technologies, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306686416"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Raytheon BBN Technologies Cambridge MA USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306686416"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089653752","display_name":"Richard Schwartz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4654-624X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306686416","display_name":"RTX (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/0354t7b78","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306686416"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard M. Schwartz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Raytheon BBN Technologies, Cambridge, MA, USA","Raytheon BBN Technologies Cambridge MA USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Raytheon BBN Technologies, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306686416"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Raytheon BBN Technologies Cambridge MA USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306686416"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306686416"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"5336","last_page":"5340"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.836503267288208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/keyword-spotting","display_name":"Keyword spotting","score":0.792676568031311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spotting","display_name":"Spotting","score":0.7353683114051819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.6917226910591125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confusion","display_name":"Confusion","score":0.6187034845352173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.546795129776001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.511685848236084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/keyword-search","display_name":"Keyword search","score":0.45147600769996643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.4207030236721039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.35900944471359253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.2636721730232239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07211509346961975}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.836503267288208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781213101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6398558","display_name":"Keyword spotting","level":2,"score":0.792676568031311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779506182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7580141","display_name":"Spotting","level":2,"score":0.7353683114051819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.6917226910591125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781140086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557945","display_name":"Confusion","level":2,"score":0.6187034845352173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.546795129776001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.511685848236084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988412617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7441656","display_name":"Keyword search","level":2,"score":0.45147600769996643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.4207030236721039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.35900944471359253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.2636721730232239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07211509346961975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.2015.7178990","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2015.7178990","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7400000095367432,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W81527949","https://openalex.org/W114193738","https://openalex.org/W596888916","https://openalex.org/W1582482241","https://openalex.org/W1990294375","https://openalex.org/W2000654171","https://openalex.org/W2015688877","https://openalex.org/W2030694415","https://openalex.org/W2052274902","https://openalex.org/W2111338354","https://openalex.org/W2140281218","https://openalex.org/W2153141912","https://openalex.org/W2296590378","https://openalex.org/W2397766809","https://openalex.org/W2398829910","https://openalex.org/W2404324365","https://openalex.org/W2594610113","https://openalex.org/W6603270684","https://openalex.org/W6604666349","https://openalex.org/W6618025778","https://openalex.org/W6647992416","https://openalex.org/W6712476315","https://openalex.org/W6713667583"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2918559346","https://openalex.org/W2114097550","https://openalex.org/W4286904253","https://openalex.org/W3119978414","https://openalex.org/W2516975559","https://openalex.org/W2545741539","https://openalex.org/W3206647229","https://openalex.org/W1969408022","https://openalex.org/W2000885660","https://openalex.org/W2117995638"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,30],"most":[1],"common":[2],"pipelines":[3],"in":[4,47,68,91,119],"keyword":[5],"spotting":[6],"involve":[7],"some":[8],"kind":[9],"of":[10,18,20,32,37,59,96,104,123],"speech":[11],"recognition,":[12],"which":[13,26],"leads":[14],"to":[15],"the":[16,53,69,94,102,114,120,124],"generation":[17],"sets":[19],"plausible":[21],"hypotheses":[22],"(e.g.,":[23],"word":[24],"lattices),":[25],"are":[27],"subsequently":[28],"explored.":[29],"case":[31],"out-of-vocabulary":[33],"(OOV)":[34],"keywords":[35,44,65,106],"is":[36],"special":[38],"interest,":[39],"because":[40],"it":[41],"requires":[42],"representing":[43],"and/or":[45],"lattices":[46],"an":[48],"alternative":[49],"format,":[50],"so":[51],"that":[52],"two":[54,98],"can":[55],"match.":[56],"A":[57],"number":[58],"techniques":[60,100],"for":[61],"dealing":[62],"with":[63],"OOV":[64,105],"have":[66],"appeared":[67],"literature;":[70],"here,":[71],"we":[72,89],"focus":[73],"on":[74,111],"(i)":[75],"fuzzy-phonetic":[76],"search":[77,86],"using":[78],"phonetic":[79],"confusion":[80],"networks":[81],"[1],":[82],"and":[83],"(ii)":[84],"proxy-keyword":[85],"[2].":[87],"As":[88],"demonstrate":[90],"this":[92],"paper,":[93],"combination":[95],"these":[97],"diverse":[99],"improves":[101],"ATWV":[103],"by":[107],"at":[108],"least":[109],"3%":[110],"average":[112],"over":[113],"five":[115],"development":[116],"languages":[117],"used":[118],"second":[121],"year":[122],"IARPA":[125],"Babel":[126],"program.":[127]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
