{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1987773585","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2014.6855192","title":"Cryptographically secure radios based on directional modulation","display_name":"Cryptographically secure radios based on directional modulation","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1987773585","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2014.6855192","mag":"1987773585"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.2014.6855192","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2014.6855192","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108728413","display_name":"V. Pellegrini","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139705","display_name":"Ingegneria dei Sistemi (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/03spsm219","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139705"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V. Pellegrini","raw_affiliation_strings":["IDS, Ingegneria Dei Sistemi S.p.A., Pisa, Italy","IDS, Ing. Dei Sist. S.p.A., Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IDS, Ingegneria Dei Sistemi S.p.A., Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139705"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IDS, Ing. Dei Sist. S.p.A., Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139705"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081847818","display_name":"Fabio Principe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9555-6858"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139705","display_name":"Ingegneria dei Sistemi (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/03spsm219","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139705"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Principe","raw_affiliation_strings":["IDS, Ingegneria Dei Sistemi S.p.A., Pisa, Italy","IDS, Ing. Dei Sist. S.p.A., Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IDS, Ingegneria Dei Sistemi S.p.A., Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139705"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IDS, Ing. Dei Sist. S.p.A., Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139705"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024729707","display_name":"Giacomo de Mauro","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139705","display_name":"Ingegneria dei Sistemi (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/03spsm219","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139705"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. de Mauro","raw_affiliation_strings":["IDS, Ingegneria Dei Sistemi S.p.A., Pisa, Italy","IDS, Ing. Dei Sist. S.p.A., Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IDS, Ingegneria Dei Sistemi S.p.A., Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139705"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IDS, Ing. Dei Sist. S.p.A., Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139705"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109437166","display_name":"R. Guidi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139705","display_name":"Ingegneria dei Sistemi (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/03spsm219","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139705"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Guidi","raw_affiliation_strings":["IDS, Ingegneria Dei Sistemi S.p.A., Pisa, Italy","IDS, Ing. Dei Sist. S.p.A., Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IDS, Ingegneria Dei Sistemi S.p.A., Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139705"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IDS, Ing. Dei Sist. S.p.A., Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139705"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020411928","display_name":"V. Martorelli","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139705","display_name":"Ingegneria dei Sistemi (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/03spsm219","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139705"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V. Martorelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["IDS, Ingegneria Dei Sistemi S.p.A., Pisa, Italy","IDS, Ing. Dei Sist. S.p.A., Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IDS, Ingegneria Dei Sistemi S.p.A., Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139705"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IDS, Ing. Dei Sist. S.p.A., Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139705"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056600625","display_name":"Riccardo Cioni","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139705","display_name":"Ingegneria dei Sistemi (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/03spsm219","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139705"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Cioni","raw_affiliation_strings":["IDS, Ingegneria Dei Sistemi S.p.A., Pisa, Italy","IDS, Ing. Dei Sist. S.p.A., Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IDS, Ingegneria Dei Sistemi S.p.A., Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139705"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IDS, Ing. Dei Sist. S.p.A., Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139705"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9164,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87225867,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"8163","last_page":"8167"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9890000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7216296195983887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6809612512588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.6272994875907898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-layer","display_name":"Physical layer","score":0.5923218727111816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.583368182182312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secure-transmission","display_name":"Secure transmission","score":0.5424365401268005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.46227723360061646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4135148525238037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3874623775482178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2889048159122467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2663002610206604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.20964646339416504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.145236074924469}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7216296195983887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6809612512588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.6272994875907898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19247436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"Physical layer","level":3,"score":0.5923218727111816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.583368182182312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779814227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7444882","display_name":"Secure transmission","level":3,"score":0.5424365401268005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.46227723360061646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4135148525238037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3874623775482178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2889048159122467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2663002610206604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.20964646339416504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.145236074924469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.2014.6855192","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2014.6855192","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.41999998688697815,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2015245354","https://openalex.org/W2135137654","https://openalex.org/W2135998883","https://openalex.org/W2141470777","https://openalex.org/W2142143226","https://openalex.org/W2151807636","https://openalex.org/W2170447227","https://openalex.org/W2296165339"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3036307543","https://openalex.org/W2797005565","https://openalex.org/W2290997318","https://openalex.org/W4256489728","https://openalex.org/W2953177019","https://openalex.org/W1512838724","https://openalex.org/W2564981121","https://openalex.org/W2620626406","https://openalex.org/W2963490111","https://openalex.org/W2977837527"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Directional":[0],"modulation":[1],"(DM)":[2],"can":[3],"be":[4],"regarded":[5],"as":[6,22,53,55,100,102],"a":[7,23,72],"new":[8,16],"frontier":[9],"in":[10,65,110],"physical":[11],"layer":[12],"communication":[13],"security.":[14],"This":[15,69],"technique":[17],"uses":[18],"an":[19],"antenna":[20],"array":[21],"spatial":[24],"encryption":[25],"system":[26],"which":[27,78],"partitions":[28],"the":[29,35,61,75,80,113],"surrounding":[30],"space":[31],"into":[32],"regions":[33],"where":[34],"transmission":[36],"is":[37],"either":[38],"perfectly":[39],"intelligible":[40],"or":[41],"intentionally":[42],"obfuscated.":[43],"Still,":[44],"energy":[45],"and":[46,67,95],"spectral":[47],"efficiencies":[48],"of":[49,74,82,112],"current":[50],"DM":[51,76],"systems":[52],"well":[54,101],"their":[56],"cryptographic":[57],"robustness":[58],"lag":[59],"behind":[60],"modern":[62],"performance":[63],"standards":[64],"cryptography":[66],"radio-communication.":[68],"contribution":[70],"proposes":[71],"generalization":[73],"concept":[77],"overcomes":[79],"limitations":[81],"its":[83],"initial":[84],"formulation":[85],"by":[86],"making":[87],"it":[88],"both":[89],"compatible":[90],"with":[91],"state-of-art":[92],"digital":[93],"modulations":[94],"cryptographically":[96],"secure.":[97],"Numerical":[98],"analyses":[99],"real-world,":[103],"high":[104],"bit-rate":[105],"implementation":[106],"results":[107],"are":[108],"presented":[109],"support":[111],"proposed":[114],"approach.":[115]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}