{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2057384730","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2014.6854530","title":"Improving language modeling by using distance and co-occurrence information of word-pairs and its application to LVCSR","display_name":"Improving language modeling by using distance and co-occurrence information of word-pairs and its application to LVCSR","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2057384730","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2014.6854530","mag":"2057384730"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.2014.6854530","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2014.6854530","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001136890","display_name":"Tze Yuang Chong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tze Yuang Chong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","Temasek Labs., Nanyang Technol. Univ., Singapore, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Temasek Labs., Nanyang Technol. Univ., Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022050902","display_name":"Rafael E. Banchs","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005327000","display_name":"Institute for Infocomm Research","ror":"https://ror.org/053rfa017","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rafael E. Banchs","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore","Inst. For Infocomm Res., Singapore, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3005327000"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inst. For Infocomm Res., Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3005327000"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070872826","display_name":"Eng Siong Chng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6257-7399"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eng Siong Chng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","Temasek Labs., Nanyang Technol. Univ., Singapore, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Temasek Labs., Nanyang Technol. Univ., Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032690182","display_name":"Haizhou Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9158-9401"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haizhou Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","Temasek Labs., Nanyang Technol. Univ., Singapore, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Temasek Labs., Nanyang Technol. Univ., Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001136890"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.409,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74220834,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":null,"first_page":"4883","last_page":"4887"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perplexity","display_name":"Perplexity","score":0.9452992081642151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trigram","display_name":"Trigram","score":0.9106067419052124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/n-gram","display_name":"n-gram","score":0.8611765503883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.8181834816932678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7972241640090942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.6491400003433228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.6486111283302307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.619720995426178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranking","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","score":0.606162428855896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5990540981292725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context-model","display_name":"Context model","score":0.4315895736217499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.38268110156059265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.13670974969863892}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100279451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q372193","display_name":"Perplexity","level":3,"score":0.9452992081642151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137546455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3213474","display_name":"Trigram","level":2,"score":0.9106067419052124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117884012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94489","display_name":"n-gram","level":3,"score":0.8611765503883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.8181834816932678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7972241640090942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6491400003433228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.6486111283302307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.619720995426178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.606162428855896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5990540981292725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183322885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17007702","display_name":"Context model","level":3,"score":0.4315895736217499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.38268110156059265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.13670974969863892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icassp.2014.6854530","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2014.6854530","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8500000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W67002875","https://openalex.org/W98731357","https://openalex.org/W1665921526","https://openalex.org/W1966812932","https://openalex.org/W1989705153","https://openalex.org/W1996903695","https://openalex.org/W2013196554","https://openalex.org/W2102439588","https://openalex.org/W2103277165","https://openalex.org/W2105076537","https://openalex.org/W2110027950","https://openalex.org/W2119907552","https://openalex.org/W2120587055","https://openalex.org/W2124008567","https://openalex.org/W2127836646","https://openalex.org/W2132339004","https://openalex.org/W2171928131","https://openalex.org/W2250909759","https://openalex.org/W2311893701","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6602744718","https://openalex.org/W6675594182","https://openalex.org/W6676532846","https://openalex.org/W6691720060","https://openalex.org/W6803034309"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2020757772","https://openalex.org/W2041167939","https://openalex.org/W2950575438","https://openalex.org/W2551914602","https://openalex.org/W1620568205","https://openalex.org/W2053242504","https://openalex.org/W79835312","https://openalex.org/W2250909759","https://openalex.org/W2105076537","https://openalex.org/W1577263324"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"reports":[2],"our":[3,95],"study":[4],"in":[5,106],"exploiting":[6],"the":[7,16,29,42,49,59,68,73,77,92],"distance":[8],"and":[9,70,83],"co-occurrence":[10],"information":[11,26,47],"of":[12,25,36,91,108],"word-pairs":[13],"to":[14,33,55,63,81,101],"improve":[15],"n-gram":[17,60],"language":[18],"model.":[19],"We":[20],"used":[21],"these":[22],"two":[23],"types":[24],"for":[27],"modeling":[28],"distant":[30],"context,":[31],"up":[32,80],"history":[34],"length":[35],"ten.":[37],"Also":[38],"we":[39],"show":[40],"that":[41,52],"proposed":[43,74],"model":[44,61,75,96,100],"provides":[45],"complementary":[46],"about":[48],"n-gram's":[50],"context":[51],"is":[53],"unable":[54],"be":[56],"captured":[57],"by":[58],"due":[62],"data":[64],"scarcity.":[65],"Evaluated":[66],"on":[67],"WSJ":[69],"SWB-1":[71],"corpora,":[72],"reduced":[76],"trigram":[78],"perplexity":[79],"11.2%":[82],"6.5%":[84],"respectively.":[85],"In":[86],"an":[87],"N-best":[88],"re-ranking":[89],"task":[90],"Aurora-4":[93],"database,":[94],"aided":[97],"a":[98],"hexagram":[99],"perform":[102],"~9%":[103],"relatively":[104],"better":[105],"terms":[107],"WER.":[109]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
